Sustainable Biocover System for Methane Oxidation in Landfills

垃圾填埋场甲烷氧化的可持续生物覆盖系统

• 批准号: 1200799
• 负责人: Krishna Reddy
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1200799&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sustainable; Biocover; System; Methane; Oxidation

The objective of this research project is to develop a new low-cost, practical, and sustainable soil system amended with biochar to effectively mitigate landfill methane emissions. Municipal solid waste landfills are the third largest anthropogenic source of methane emissions in the US. There is an urgent need to develop cost-effective innovative cover systems that can mitigate methane emissions from landfills. An integrated research program, consisting of controlled laboratory batch and column experiments, mathematical modeling, and a field demonstration, will be undertaken to investigate: (1) the physical, geochemical and geotechnical properties of biochars and biochar-amended soils; (2) the transport and enhanced adsorption of biochars and biochar-amended cover soils for methane and oxygen; (3) the rates of methane oxidation in biochars and biochar-amended soils; (4) the factors controlling the simultaneous competing or synergistic interactions between adsorption and oxidation of methane under various conditions (biochar properties, soil composition, methane concentrations, moisture contents, and temperatures); (5) the development of a mechanistic model for methane oxidation within biochar and biochar-amended landfill covers; and (6) the performance in a full-scale field demonstration to verify the validity of the research findings and viability of practical application. In addition, a guidance manual will be prepared for the design of biochar and biochar-amended soil cover systems for landfill applications. This project will determine the fundamental mechanisms responsible for stimulation of soil microorganisms in biochar, including the contribution of porous structure and high surface area to gaseous adsorption, moisture retention, and colonization by methanotrophic populations. This project will result in a creative, low-cost, sustainable biochar and biochar-amended soil cover system to mitigate methane emissions at landfills and protect the environment and public health. Two graduate students will have the opportunity to gain research experience through this project in emerging field of sustainable geo-engineering. Research skills and instrumentation developed for this project will enhance classroom instruction at the undergraduate level, the graduate level, and for K-12 teachers in the "Teachers as Scholars" Program. A teaching module "Engineering with Biochar" will be developed and incorporated into the existing Landfill Engineering and Sustainable Engineering courses. The project results will be widely disseminated by: (1) organizing a workshop for practicing and regulatory professionals, (2) publishing refereed journal/conference papers, and (3) participating in the Illinois and US Biochar Groups.

本研究项目的目标是开发一种新的低成本、实用、可持续的生物炭土壤系统，以有效减少垃圾填埋场甲烷的排放。城市固体垃圾填埋场是美国第三大人为甲烷排放源。迫切需要开发具有成本效益的创新覆盖系统，以减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放。一项综合研究计划，包括受控的实验室批量和柱实验，数学模型和现场演示，将进行调查：(1)生物炭和生物炭改性土壤的物理，地球化学和岩土力学性质；(2)生物炭和生物炭改性覆盖土对甲烷和氧气的迁移和增强吸附；(3)生物炭和生物炭改性土壤中甲烷氧化速率；(4)在不同条件下（生物炭性质、土壤成分、甲烷浓度、水分含量和温度），控制甲烷吸附和氧化同时竞争或协同作用的因素；(5)建立了生物炭和生物炭改性垃圾填埋场覆盖物中甲烷氧化的机理模型；(6)进行了全尺寸的现场演示，验证了研究成果的有效性和实际应用的可行性。此外，还将编制一份指导手册，用于设计用于垃圾填埋场的生物炭和生物炭改性土壤覆盖系统。该项目将确定生物炭中刺激土壤微生物的基本机制，包括多孔结构和高表面积对气体吸附、水分保持和甲烷营养种群定植的贡献。该项目将产生一种创新的、低成本的、可持续的生物炭和生物炭改性的土壤覆盖系统，以减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放，保护环境和公众健康。两名研究生将有机会通过该项目获得可持续地球工程新兴领域的研究经验。为该项目开发的研究技能和仪器将提高本科阶段、研究生阶段以及“教师学者”计划中K-12教师的课堂教学水平。“生物炭工程”教学模块将被开发并纳入现有的垃圾填埋工程和可持续工程课程。项目成果将通过以下方式广泛传播：(1)为执业和监管专业人员组织研讨会，(2)发表经过评审的期刊/会议论文，以及(3)参加伊利诺伊州和美国生物炭小组。