Doctoral Dissertation Research: Centennial Scale Human Ecodynamics at Skutustadir Iceland

博士论文研究：冰岛斯库图斯塔迪尔百年规模的人类生态动力学

• 批准号: 1203268
• 负责人: Thomas McGovern
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: CUNY Graduate School University Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1203268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Centennial; Scale

This research project, will support the PhD research of doctoral student M. Hicks under the supervision of Dr. T. McGovern. The project Centennial Scale Human Ecodynamics at Skútustaðir will contribute to the understanding of long-term economic and ecological practices in N. Iceland by examining the archaeological record of a district-center farm, Skútustaðir, first settled during Iceland's initial settlement period (871-950 CE) and occupied through to the present. During this farm's long history, inhabitants experienced economic consolidation, colonialism, changes in land tenure and land use in addition to fluctuations in their natural environment including climactic change and soil depletion. These factors interacted directly with subsistence practices (McGovern et al. 2007, McGovern et al. 2006). Long term sites such as Skútustaðir would have been the social and economic backbone of their regions. Their study is crucial to generating the long term picture of settlement history, ecological history and social history in this region though time. Theoretical foundations of this research include Historical Ecology in archaeology as laid out by Carole Crumley (1994) with its concern for historical context and emphasis on long term investigations of landscapes changing through time while dialectically influenced by human activity. The project's main method is zooarchaeology which is particularly relevant in Iceland as the vast majority of dietary subsistence and economic transactions were based on animal products. The proposed field research includes the excavation of additional zooarchaeological material (animal bones) as evidence of subsistence practices from the middle ages to complete the chronology of this long term site. The research proposed includes the analysis of dated samples of eggshell already excavated- evidence of a sustainable long term tradition of egg harvesting at Skútustaðir a tradition with social and ecological dimensions in the most diverse waterfowl habitat on earth (Lake Mývatn). Archival work proposed will provide a rich social context for archaeological remains.

本研究项目将支持博士生M.希克斯在T博士的监督下。麦戈文 在Skútustaeirir的百年规模人类生态动力学项目将有助于了解N.冰岛通过检查一个地区中心农场的考古记录，Skútustaghir，在冰岛最初的定居时期（公元871-950年）首次定居，并一直占领到现在。 在这个农场的悠久历史中，居民经历了经济整合、殖民主义、土地保有权和土地使用的变化，以及自然环境的波动，包括气候变化和土壤枯竭。 这些因素与生计做法直接相互作用（McGovern等人，2007年; McGovern等人，2006年）。 像Skútustair这样的长期遗址将成为其地区的社会和经济支柱。 他们的研究是至关重要的，以产生长期的解决方案的历史，生态历史和社会历史在这一地区的时间。 该研究的理论基础包括考古学中的历史生态学，如Carole Crumley（1994）所述，其关注历史背景，并强调长期调查景观随着时间的推移而变化，同时受到人类活动的辩证影响。 该项目的主要方法是动物考古学，这在冰岛特别相关，因为绝大多数饮食和经济交易都是基于动物产品。 拟议的实地研究包括挖掘额外的动物考古材料（动物骨骼），作为中世纪生存实践的证据，以完成这个长期遗址的年表。该研究计划包括分析已经挖掘出的蛋壳样本-Skútustaghirir可持续的长期鸡蛋收获传统的证据-地球上最多样化的水禽栖息地（Lake Mengvatn）中具有社会和生态层面的传统。 拟议的档案工作将为考古遗迹提供丰富的社会背景。