Doctoral Dissertation Research: Centennial Scale Human Ecodynamics at Skutustadir Iceland

博士论文研究：冰岛斯库图斯塔迪尔百年规模的人类生态动力学

• 批准号: 1203268
• 负责人: Thomas McGovern
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: CUNY Graduate School University Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1203268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Centennial; Scale

This research project, will support the PhD research of doctoral student M. Hicks under the supervision of Dr. T. McGovern. The project Centennial Scale Human Ecodynamics at Skútustaðir will contribute to the understanding of long-term economic and ecological practices in N. Iceland by examining the archaeological record of a district-center farm, Skútustaðir, first settled during Iceland's initial settlement period (871-950 CE) and occupied through to the present. During this farm's long history, inhabitants experienced economic consolidation, colonialism, changes in land tenure and land use in addition to fluctuations in their natural environment including climactic change and soil depletion. These factors interacted directly with subsistence practices (McGovern et al. 2007, McGovern et al. 2006). Long term sites such as Skútustaðir would have been the social and economic backbone of their regions. Their study is crucial to generating the long term picture of settlement history, ecological history and social history in this region though time. Theoretical foundations of this research include Historical Ecology in archaeology as laid out by Carole Crumley (1994) with its concern for historical context and emphasis on long term investigations of landscapes changing through time while dialectically influenced by human activity. The project's main method is zooarchaeology which is particularly relevant in Iceland as the vast majority of dietary subsistence and economic transactions were based on animal products. The proposed field research includes the excavation of additional zooarchaeological material (animal bones) as evidence of subsistence practices from the middle ages to complete the chronology of this long term site. The research proposed includes the analysis of dated samples of eggshell already excavated- evidence of a sustainable long term tradition of egg harvesting at Skútustaðir a tradition with social and ecological dimensions in the most diverse waterfowl habitat on earth (Lake Mývatn). Archival work proposed will provide a rich social context for archaeological remains.

该研究项目将在T. McGovern博士的监督下支持博士生M. Hicks的博士研究。 Skútustaðir的项目百年纪念尺度将通过检查冰岛最初的定居期（871-950 CE）首次定居，并在目前的最初定居期（871-950）（871 - 950年），从而有助于理解冰岛N.冰岛的长期经济和生态实践。在这个农场的悠久历史中，居民经历了经济巩固，殖民主义，土地权限和土地使用的变化，除了在自然环境中波动，包括​​高潮变化和土壤消耗。这些因素与生存实践直接相互作用（McGovern等，2007，McGovern等，2006）。诸如Skútustaðir之类的长期站点将是其地区的社会和经济骨干。他们的研究对于在该地区的设定历史，生态历史和社会历史的长期图景至关重要。这项研究的理论基础包括Carole Crumley（1994）提出的考古学历史生态学，其关注的关注是对历史背景的关注，并强调长期对景观随时间变化的研究，同时在辩证面受到人类活动影响的情况下。项目的主要方法是动物考古学，在冰岛特别相关，因为绝大多数饮食生存和经济交易都是基于动物产品。拟议的现场研究包括发掘其他动物考古材料（动物骨骼），这是中世纪的生存实践的证据，以完成该长期部位的年表。拟议的研究包括对已经发掘的蛋壳样本的分析 - 在Skútustaðir的一种可持续的鸡蛋收集的证据，该传统在地球上最富裕的水禽栖息地（Mývatn湖）中具有社会和生态维度的传统。提议的档案工作将为考古保留提供丰富的社会背景。