EAGER: The relationship between microbial biogeography and ocean chemistry across a persistent oceanographic "hot spot" in the NE Pacific Ocean

EAGER：东北太平洋持续海洋学“热点”的微生物生物地理学与海洋化学之间的关系

• 批准号: 1205233
• 负责人: Virginia Armbrust
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1205233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; relationship; between; microbial; biogeography

The oceans are undergoing dramatic changes. Currently, two largely independently operating research communities -- geochemists and molecular ecologists -- examine potential biological repercussions of changes in ocean chemistry and physics. Geochemists focus primarily on large-scale resultant chemical features, with limited knowledge of underlying biological drivers. Molecular ecologists focus primarily on biodiversity of microbial ecosystems, with few direct linkages to process rates.With funding from this Early-Concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER), a marine molecular biologist from the University of Washington, a marine inorganic biochemist from the University of Southern California, and a marine trace metal geochemist from Old Dominion University will conduct a multi-parameter exploratory survey cruise to collect and analyze shared geochemical and molecular data to identify chemical and physical drivers of distinct biogeochemical provinces in the sea. They have targeted a well-defined gradient in biogeochemical properties in the northeast Pacific where high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters limited by iron meet low nutrient, iron-replete waters with the long-term goal of understanding the sensitivity of province boundaries to climate change. The transition zone is a surrogate for a geochemical province boundary and is characterized by high biological activity and strong gradients in chemical parameters. The team hypothesizes that the physical/chemical front creates a distinctive biome with a disproportionate impact on the biogeochemistry of the region, an attribute that may be a fundamental feature of province boundaries. Accordingly, they will characterize multiple biological and chemical parameters on a detailed surface to seafloor zonal survey across this zone. Biological parameters include metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of the microbial community from surface to seafloor at carefully selected stations and gene-focused surveys at more broadly distributed stations. Chemical parameters at all stations include nutrients and dissolved concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Co and Ni, key parameters in the GEOTRACES program. Shipboard work will include short-term (12-24 hr) on-deck incubations to examine relationships between rate processes and changes in community composition.This project is well suited to EAGER funding. The high risk associated with bringing these two research communities together to synthesize resulting data in meaningful ways is mitigated by the high reward associated with learning how to conduct oceanographic work in entirely new ways, moving beyond correlations to causations between biology and chemistry.Broader impacts: This study is motivated by the results from an NSF-sponsored community workshop that highlighted the transformative potential of bringing these two communities together to address underlying drivers of geochemical provinces. The team will invite cruise participation by a broad representation of the two communities, with a central requisite that all participants are broad thinkers that will readily share data in a timely fashion. Member of the U.S. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee have encouraged submission of a proposal for a post-cruise meeting to share successes and "lessons learned". The results of this EAGER project will allow evaluation of the feasibility of joint molecular/geochemical sectional surveys on the scale of programs such as CLIVAR and GEOTRACES

海洋正在发生巨大的变化。目前，两个基本上独立运作的研究团体-地球化学家和分子生态学家-研究海洋化学和物理变化的潜在生物影响。地球化学家主要关注大规模的合成化学特征，对潜在的生物驱动因素了解有限。分子生态学家主要关注微生物生态系统的生物多样性，与处理速率几乎没有直接联系。在探索性研究早期概念资助（EAGER）的资助下，来自华盛顿大学的海洋分子生物学家，来自南加州大学的海洋无机生物化学家，一位来自老自治领大学的海洋微量金属地球化学家将进行一次多-参数探索性调查巡航，收集和分析共享的地球化学和分子数据，以确定海洋中不同地球化学区的化学和物理驱动因素。 他们的目标是一个明确的梯度在东北太平洋的高营养，低叶绿素沃茨有限的铁满足低营养，铁丰富的沃茨的生态地球化学性质与长期目标是了解省边界的敏感性，气候变化。过渡带是地球化学省边界的替代物，其特征是高生物活性和化学参数的强梯度。该团队假设，物理/化学前沿创造了一个独特的生物群落，对该地区的地球化学产生了不成比例的影响，这一属性可能是省边界的一个基本特征。因此，他们将在对该区域进行详细的表面至海底区域调查时，确定多个生物和化学参数的特征。生物参数包括在精心挑选的站点从地表到海底的微生物群落的宏基因组和宏转录组，以及在分布更广的站点进行的以基因为重点的调查。所有站点的化学参数包括营养物和铁、铜、锌、镉、锰、钴和镍的溶解浓度，这些是GEOTRACES方案中的关键参数。 船上的工作将包括短期（12-24小时）的甲板上孵化，以研究利率过程和社区组成变化之间的关系。将这两个研究团体聚集在一起，以有意义的方式综合结果数据所带来的高风险，被学习如何以全新的方式开展海洋学工作所带来的高回报所缓解，超越了生物学和化学之间的相关性，达到了因果关系。这项研究的动机是来自NSF的结果-赞助的社区讲习班，强调了将这两个社区聚集在一起以解决地球化学省的根本驱动因素的变革潜力。该小组将邀请两个社区的广泛代表参加巡航，其核心要求是所有参与者都是愿意及时分享数据的广泛思想者。美国海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）科学指导委员会成员鼓励提交一份关于巡航后会议的建议，以分享成功和“经验教训”。 EAGER项目的结果将有助于评估在CLIVAR和GEOTRACES等项目的规模上进行联合分子/地球化学剖面调查的可行性