Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Closed Interacting Quantum Systems

封闭相互作用量子系统中的非平衡动力学

• 批准号: 1206410
• 负责人: Anatoli Polkovnikov
• 金额: $ 30.3万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1206410&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Non; Equilibrium; Dynamics; Closed; Interacting

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research focused on understanding fundamental aspects of quantum many-particle dynamics and the experimental consequences. The main objective of this proposal is to find universal non-equilibrium phenomena of interacting systems, that is phenomena, which are insensitive to microscopic details. It has been shown that universality emerges in very different aspects of dynamics ranging from universal deviations from the adiabatic limit near quantum critical points, to non-equilibrium phase transitions and universal work fluctuations in driven systems. The PI will develop concepts, utilize theoretical tools from various areas of physics, including condensed matter, atomic, and statistical physics, and develop new theoretical methods. The goals of the research include: understanding the role of geometry in quantum dynamics, in particular, the connection of linear response of physical observables to quench velocity; understanding the interplay of adiabatic dynamics and decoherence; developing approaches for finding a universal statistical description of driven thermally isolated systems, developing a renormalization group analysis of relaxational dynamics; extending phase space approaches to quantum dynamics to new applications like quantum tunneling or going beyond mean field approximation. Theoretical findings will be applied to specific experimental tests. The PI will be engaged in educational activities at the graduate level and higher including course development, contributing to pedagogical review articles, and participating as a lecturer or organizer in international schools aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students. The work will also involve training graduate students directly participating in the research.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research focused on understanding universal or robust aspects of systems composed of many particles that interact with each other and are far from the steady state of equilibrium. For example electrons in materials or atoms cooled to very low temperatures and trapped by light, and driven far from equilibrium by an applied electromagnetic field. It is well known that interacting many particle systems in equilibrium can self organize leading to new types of collective behavior, for example superconductivity, a state of electrons that can carry electric current without dissipation. However, much less is understood about interacting many-particle systems that are driven far from equilibrium, where the standard tools of statistical physics do not apply.The PI aims to use advanced theoretical methods from across different areas of physics to find new properties of interacting many-particle systems far from equilibrium that are insensitive to specific microscopic features of the system and therefore apply to many systems. These properties are called universal.The understanding of the dynamics of quantum mechanical many-body systems far from equilibrium has broad consequences and contributes to intellectual foundations that may lead to future technologies.The PI will be engaged in educational activities at the graduate level and higher including course development, contributing to pedagogical review articles, and participating as a lecturer or organizer in international schools aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students. The work will also involve training graduate students directly participating in the research.

该奖项支持理论研究，重点是理解量子多粒子动力学的基本方面和实验结果。该提案的主要目标是寻找相互作用系统的普遍非平衡现象，即对微观细节不敏感的现象。它已被证明，普遍性出现在非常不同的方面的动力学，从普遍偏离绝热极限附近的量子临界点，非平衡相变和普遍的工作波动驱动系统。PI将开发概念，利用物理学各个领域的理论工具，包括凝聚态，原子和统计物理学，并开发新的理论方法。研究的目标包括：理解几何在量子动力学中的作用，特别是物理观测量的线性响应与猝灭速度的联系;理解绝热动力学和退相干的相互作用;发展寻找驱动热隔离系统的通用统计描述的方法，发展弛豫动力学的重整化群分析;将量子动力学的相空间方法扩展到新的应用，如量子隧穿或超越平均场近似。理论研究结果将应用于具体的实验测试。PI将参与研究生及更高级别的教育活动，包括课程开发，为教学评论文章做出贡献，并作为讲师或组织者参与针对研究生和高级本科生的国际学校。非技术性总结该奖项支持理论研究，重点是理解由许多粒子组成的系统的普遍性或鲁棒性，这些粒子相互作用，远离稳定的平衡状态。例如，材料或原子中的电子被冷却到非常低的温度并被光捕获，并被施加的电磁场驱动远离平衡。 众所周知，许多处于平衡状态的粒子系统相互作用，可以自组织，导致新型的集体行为，例如超导性，一种可以携带电流而不耗散的电子状态。然而，人们对远离平衡态的相互作用多粒子系统的了解要少得多，统计物理学的标准工具不适用于这些系统。PI的目标是使用来自物理学不同领域的先进理论方法来发现远离平衡态的相互作用多粒子系统的新特性，这些特性对系统的特定微观特征不敏感，因此适用于许多系统。这些性质被称为普适性。对远离平衡态的量子力学多体系统动力学的理解具有广泛的影响，并为可能导致未来技术的知识基础做出贡献。PI将从事研究生及更高级别的教育活动，包括课程开发，为教学评论文章做出贡献，并作为讲师或组织者参加针对研究生和高级本科生的国际学校。这项工作还将涉及培训直接参与研究的研究生。