Crystalline Hybrid Semiconductors: A systematic Approach to Develop Nanostructured Materials with Enhanced Properties and New Functionality

技术综述在半导体纳米模块和有机分子上组装的晶体和纳米结构无机-有机杂化化合物代表了一类独特的功能材料，具有基础和技术重要性。有机和无机组分在单晶格中的掺杂不仅导致了与其母半导体相比的综合和改进的性能(例如，宽带隙可调谐、增强的光学吸收/发射功率和降低的热导率)，而且还产生了仅靠无机或有机组分无法实现的有趣的现象和新的功能。本项目由固态与材料化学计划支持，其主要目标是：(A)对基于II-VI(II：Zn，Cd，Mn；VI：S，Se，Te)的混杂纳米结构家族进行修饰，以进一步优化和提高其电子和光学性能；(B)将该系列扩展到由其他重要半导体基团组成的新杂化家族，包括二元I-VII(I：Cu，Ag；VII：F，Cl，Br，I)和III-VI(III：Ga，In)和三元I-III-VI相。类似的结构设计策略和合成方法将建立在以前成功的基础上，并将被采用和应用于开发这些化合物。该项目试图解决与无机-有机界面上发生的化学和物理有关的一些基本问题，以促进采用实验和理论方法的深入研究，以了解晶体结构、组成、化学键和性能之间的相关性，并最终提供有助于进一步改进材料性能的见解，这些材料对实际应用至关重要。非技术性摘要正在进行的材料研究领域非常令人兴奋，集中在杂化材料上，即由来自明显不同类别的化学物种组成的化合物。无机材料以其结构完整性和热稳定性、优异的电、磁、光和传输性能而闻名，而有机材料则以其结构多样性、灵活性、可加工性、低成本和轻质而闻名。该项目将开发和优化由半导体纳米模块和形成周期性有序结构的有机分子组成的晶态无机-有机杂化材料的性能。这些功能纳米结构材料由于将这两个组分混合在一个单一结构中而具有集成和增强的性能，因此引起了极大的关注。对这些材料的研究表明，它们在光电子应用中的应用前景广阔，包括光伏(太阳能电池)、固态照明(LED)和传感。这个高度跨学科、协作和综合的项目将成为学生培训的一个极好的平台，并将为大量参与者提供独特的机会，包括本科生和研究生、博士后研究助理、访问科学家，特别是来自代表性不足群体的妇女和个人，以解决既具有科学重要性又具有社会意义的化学问题。该项目的一个重要组成部分涉及罗格斯大学内外的许多教育、培训和外联活动，包括新课程和课程模块的开发、国际交流计划以及与地区性学院和学校的合作。该项目旨在继续与当地工业界在共同感兴趣的领域进行合作。

TECHNICAL SUMMARYCrystalline and nanostructured inorganic-organic hybrid compounds assembled on semiconductor nano-modules and organic molecules represent a unique class of functional materials that are of both fundamental and technological importance. The incorporation of organic and inorganic components in a single crystal lattice not only leads to integrated and improved properties over their parent semiconductors (e.g. broad band gap tunability, enhanced optical absorption/emission power, and reduced thermal conductivity), but also gives rise to intriguing phenomena and new functionality that may not be achievable by either inorganic or organic constituents alone. The primary objective of this project supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry (SSMC) program is to (a) modify the II-VI (II: Zn, Cd, Mn; VI: S, Se, Te) based hybrid-nanostructured family in order to further optimize and improve their electronic and optical properties, and (b) expand the series to new hybrid families constructed on other important semiconductor groups, including binary I-VII (I: Cu, Ag; VII: F, Cl, Br, I) and III-VI (III: Ga, In), and ternary I-III-VI phases. Similar structure designing strategies and synthesis methods built on the previous success will be adapted and applied to develop these compounds. The project attempts to address some fundamental questions concerning the chemistry and physics occurring at the inorganic-organic interfaces, to facilitate an in-depth study employing both experimental and theoretical methods in order to understand the correlations between the crystal structure, composition, chemical bonding, and properties, and ultimately, to offer insight that will contribute to further improvement of material properties crucial for practical applications.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYA very exciting field of on-going materials research centers on hybrid materials, namely compounds that are made of chemical species from distinctly different categories. Inorganic materials are best known for their framework integrity and thermal stability, superior electronic, magnetic, optical and transport properties, while organic materials are well recognized for their structural diversity, flexibility, processability, low cost, and light weight. This project will develop and optimize properties of crystalline inorganic-organic hybrid materials composed of semiconductor nanomodules and organic molecules that form periodically ordered structures. These functional nanostructured materials have attracted enormous attention due to their integrated and enhanced properties as a result of blending the two components in a single structure. Research on these materials has shown great promise for their utility in optoelectronic applications, including photovoltaics (solar cells), solid state lighting (LEDs) and sensing. This highly interdisciplinary, collaborative and integrated project will serve as an excellent platform for student training, and will offer unique opportunities for a large number of participants, including undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral research associates, visiting scientists, and especially women and individuals from underrepresented groups, to work on chemical problems that are both scientifically important and societally relevant. An important component of the project involves numerous educational, training, and outreach activities within and beyond Rutgers University, including new course and course module development, international exchange programs, and partnership with regional colleges and schools. The project seeks to continue and further collaborations with the local industries on areas of common interest.