RAPID: Measurements of Aerosol Chemistry During Wintertime High-Ozone Events

在偏远的犹他州和怀俄明州盆地的重天然气和石油勘探地区，臭氧混合比每年冬天多次超过100亿分之一，但导致臭氧升高的确切化学成分尚不清楚。在这些事件中形成了主要由有机气溶胶和较小程度的硝酸盐气溶胶组成的可见烟雾。这种气溶胶对调节臭氧形成的气相化学有重大影响。在五氧化二氮和颗粒相氯化物形成硝基氯后，气溶胶颗粒在氧化氮收支、亚硝酸盐形成和氯原子释放中起重要作用。本项目旨在研究冬季高臭氧事件中形成的气溶胶颗粒的来源、形成机制和影响。在2012年1月中旬至3月初为期六周的野外活动期间，气溶胶成分将由气溶胶质谱仪（AMS）测量，名为“能源与环境-犹他盆地冬季臭氧研究（E&E UBWOS）”这项研究包括一系列广泛的仪器来测量挥发性有机化合物、气相氮氧化物和氧化剂。这些气相测量将为AMS的颗粒质量和化学测量增加重要的背景和深度。在高臭氧事件期间形成的气溶胶降低了能见度，对犹他州和怀俄明州的人们来说是一个健康问题。E&amp；E UBWOS的结果将被汇编成一份最终报告，供犹他州环境质量部在未来决定如何解决该地区的臭氧和气溶胶问题时参考。这些数据也将在一年后公开。来自AMS的数据将由研究生分析，在国家会议上发表，并与研究生共同撰写在相关期刊上发表。这项研究的数据将作为当地相关的案例研究纳入怀俄明大学大气科学系的大气化学课程。参与这项研究将在本系和NOAA地球系统研究实验室的科学家之间建立一种新的关系。

Ozone mixing ratio exceeds 100 parts per billion multiple times per winter in areas of heavy gas and oil exploration in remote Utah and Wyoming basins, but the exact chemistry that leads to elevated ozone remains unclear. A visible haze consisting principally of organic and, to a lesser extent, nitrate aerosol is formed during these events. This aerosol has significant impacts on the gas-phase chemistry that regulates ozone formation. Aerosol particles play an important role in the oxidized nitrogen budget, formation of nitrous acid, and release of chlorine atoms after particle-phase formation of nitryl chloride from dinitrogen pentoxide and particle-phase chloride. This project aims to study the source, formation mechanism, and impact of aerosol particles formed during wintertime high-ozone events. Aerosol composition will be measured with an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) during a six-week field campaign from mid-January to early March, 2012 titled, "Energy and Environment - Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (E&E UBWOS)". The study includes a wide array of instrumentation to measure volatile organic compounds, gas-phase nitrogen oxide species, and oxidants. These gas-phase measurements will add significant context and depth to the AMS measurements of particulate mass and chemistry.Aerosol formed during high-ozone events degrades visibility and is a health concern for the people of Utah and Wyoming. The results of E&E UBWOS will be compiled into a final report that will be referenced by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality during future decisions on how to address the ozone and aerosol problems in the region. The data will also be publically available after one year. Data from the AMS will be analyzed by graduate students, presented at national conferences, and written up for publication in relevant journals with graduate student co-authors. Data from this study will be integrated into the atmospheric chemistry course in the Department of Atmospheric Science at the University of Wyoming as a locally relevant case study. Participation in this study will establish a new relationship between scientists in the department and in the Earth Systems Research Laboratory at NOAA.