Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Effects of Early Colonialism on Indigenous Households of the Middle Fraser Canyon Region, British Columbia

博士论文改进补助金：早期殖民主义对不列颠哥伦比亚省中弗雷泽峡谷地区土著家庭的影响

• 批准号: 1217480
• 负责人: Anna Prentiss
• 金额: $ 2.82万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1217480&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Effects

Using archaeological evidence that includes stone tools, animal and plant remains, and household architecture, Lisa Michelle Smith will examine cultural impacts of European colonization on indigenous peoples of the Middle Fraser Canyon in British Columbia during the period of ca. 150-500 before present. This work will be conducted under the direction of Dr. Anna Prentiss as part of Ms. Smith's dissertation research. Middle Fraser Canyon villages peaked in size and social complexity by ca. 1100-1200 before present, after which time they were abandoned for 500-600 years and then reoccupied in the centuries just prior to the coming of Europeans to the region. Ethnographers of the early 20th century working in the Middle Fraser area describe a complex hunting and gathering society with social class distinctions, private ownership of property and resources, and extensive trade networks controlled by elites. However it is not clear whether these cultural characteristics developed uniquely during the early contact period or if they are a holdover from the time pre-dating 1000 years ago. This proposed research seeks to address this problem by conducting archaeological investigations of households at the S7i7stkn (Little Pit House) and Bridge River sites, two housepit villages located within close proximity of each other, situated on narrow terraces in the Bridge River valley. A single house from each site will be excavated, each with prehistoric and historic occupations. Ms. Smith's research will address in particular the role European contact may have played in the development of complex socioeconomic and political structures of indigenous households during the critical, yet under researched, early colonial period. Although the effects of colonialism on Mid-Fraser households are widely unknown, archaeological research of social complexity during the late prehistoric period, prior to 1200 years before present, continues to be informed by ethnographic data. This proposed research will provide opportunity to reconstruct characteristics of the political and socioeconomic structures associated with population influx and development of the fur trade economy, allowing for more fine-grained understanding of social complexity during the late prehistoric and historic periods. More broadly this work will enhance understanding of hunter-gatherer households and evolutionary processes associated with emergent social complexity. It will investigate the role of individual decision making and the effects it had on creating social ranking, regional trade networks, and the development of privately owned property. This work will also add to discussions of the viability of using ethnographic literature as a tool for directly interpreting archaeological data from the deeper prehistoric past.Dr. Prentiss has had a twenty-year collaborative relationship with local Mid-Fraser communities. This project will be a continuation of that program, offering educational benefits to First Nations students through training in archaeological excavation techniques. This will allow them to directly engage with their heritage and contribute to creating narratives of their past. University of Montana students will also take part in this research allowing them to engage in the local community, participating in activities such as a Lillooet language program, educational talks, and award winning Xwisten heritage tours. This will inform discussions on how to build strong relationships between archaeologists and native people and help create a new generation of archaeologists that understand the value of collaborative research. Additionally, this work will add to the body of literature regarding complex hunter-gatherer and colonial studies and educate the general public about First Nations history and culture.

使用考古证据，包括石器工具，动物和植物遗骸，和家庭建筑，丽莎米歇尔史密斯将研究文化的影响，欧洲殖民对中弗雷泽峡谷在不列颠哥伦比亚省的土著人民在ca. 150-500之前。这项工作将在安娜普伦蒂斯博士的指导下进行，作为史密斯女士论文研究的一部分。中弗雷泽峡谷村庄的规模和社会复杂性达到顶峰，约。1100-1200年，在此之后，他们被遗弃了500-600年，然后在欧洲人来到该地区之前的几个世纪重新占领。 世纪早期在中弗雷泽地区工作的民族志学家描述了一个复杂的狩猎和采集社会，社会阶级划分，财产和资源的私有制，以及由精英控制的广泛贸易网络。 然而，目前尚不清楚这些文化特征是在早期接触时期独特发展起来的，还是1000年前的遗留物。 这项拟议中的研究旨在解决这个问题，通过对S7 i7 stkn（小坑屋）和桥河遗址的家庭进行考古调查，这两个坑屋村彼此紧邻，位于桥河河谷的狭窄梯田上。 每个遗址都将挖掘出一座房屋，每座房屋都有史前和历史上的居住地。 史密斯女士的研究将特别探讨欧洲人的接触可能在关键但研究不足的早期殖民时期土著家庭复杂的社会经济和政治结构的发展中发挥的作用。虽然殖民主义对中弗雷泽家庭的影响是广泛未知的，在史前晚期的社会复杂性的考古学研究，在1200年前，继续通过人种学数据。 这项拟议的研究将提供机会，重建与人口流入和毛皮贸易经济发展相关的政治和社会经济结构的特征，从而更细致地了解史前晚期和历史时期的社会复杂性。更广泛地说，这项工作将加强对狩猎采集家庭和与新兴社会复杂性相关的进化过程的理解。 它将研究个人决策的作用及其对创建社会排名，区域贸易网络和私有财产发展的影响。 这项工作也将增加使用民族志文献作为直接解释从更深的史前过去的考古数据的工具的可行性的讨论。普伦蒂斯博士有一个20年的合作关系，与当地的中弗雷泽社区。 该项目将是该方案的继续，通过考古挖掘技术培训，为第一民族学生提供教育福利。 这将使他们能够直接参与他们的遗产，并有助于创造他们过去的叙述。 蒙大拿大学的学生也将参加这项研究，使他们能够参与当地社区，参加Lillooet语言项目、教育讲座和屡获殊荣的Xwisten遗产图尔斯之旅等活动。这将有助于讨论如何在考古学家和当地人之间建立牢固的关系，并帮助培养了解合作研究价值的新一代考古学家。此外，这项工作将增加有关复杂的狩猎采集和殖民研究的文学作品，并教育公众了解第一民族的历史和文化。