Emergence of Status Inequality at the Keatley Creek Site, British Columbia

不列颠哥伦比亚省基特利溪遗址出现的地位不平等

• 批准号: 0108795
• 负责人: Anna Prentiss
• 金额: $ 4.36万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0108795&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Emergence; Status; Inequality; Keatley; Creek

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. William C. Prentiss and his colleagues will conduct archaeological research at the Keatley Creek site, a large housepit village located in the Middle Fraser Canyon of south-central British Columbia. The Keatley Creek site contains extensive and well-preserved archaeological deposits, representing a globally significant record of change in hunter-gatherer culture and community organization spanning at least 5000 years. Early in its occupational history, the site was a frequently occupied camp for generalized (socio-economically egalitarian) hunter-gatherer peoples. However, by the height of its occupation, around 1100 years ago, a permanent winter village had evolved, likely featuring a hierarchically ranked society of approximately 1000-1500 persons residing in housepits as large as 22 meters in diameter. Residents of this complex hunter-gatherer community participated in a large-scale exchange network and maintained a subsistence economy centered on intensive salmon fishing and storage. Some households may have even owned or at least controlled access to portions of the surrounding landscape including fishing sites and stone quarries. The Keatley Creek site thus provides an optimal opportunity for studying the processes and events associated with the emergence of social inequality in a North American hunter-gatherer context. This research will focus on the evolution of the Keatley Creek village with an emphasis on the processes which give rise to complex social organization. To accomplish this, Dr. Prentiss will direct multidisciplinary research that will include archaeological excavation, assessment of site stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, and studies of change in subsistence behavior, technology, and organization of activities on house floors. More specifically, excavation will focus on archaeological deposits chronicling the shift from generalized to complex hunter-gatherers. Radiocarbon analysis will establish the date at which social complexity emerged in the village. Studies of plant remains, animal bones, and stone tools will permit an assessment of changes in the organization of food procurement, preparation, and consumption during this important transition. The research team will focus on several questions: 1. When did the transition to social complexity occur? 2. Was this cultural transition abrupt or gradual? 3. Was the transition accompanied by a major change in subsistence? 4. Did the transition follow a reorganization of technology? 5. How did labor organization change during this time? Results of the project will advance the anthropological understanding of the evolution of complex societies. It will also provide insight into the organization of complex hunter-gatherer communities during the late period of the Northern Plateau. Finally, it will build positive working relationships between Indian people and archaeologists in the Pacific Northwest region.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，William C. Prentiss博士和他的同事将在Keatley Creek遗址进行考古研究，这是一个位于不列颠哥伦比亚省中南部中弗雷泽峡谷的大型房屋村庄。Keatley Creek遗址包含广泛且保存完好的考古沉积物，代表了至少5000年来狩猎采集文化和社区组织变化的全球重要记录。在其职业历史的早期，该遗址经常被普遍（社会经济平等主义）的狩猎采集者占领。然而，在其占领的高度，大约1100年前，一个永久的冬季村庄已经发展起来，可能是一个等级森严的社会，大约1000-1500人居住在直径22米的房屋中。这个复杂的狩猎采集社区的居民参与了一个大规模的交换网络，并维持着以鲑鱼密集捕捞和储存为中心的自给经济。一些家庭甚至可能拥有或至少控制进入周围景观的部分，包括渔场和采石场。因此，Keatley Creek遗址为研究北美狩猎采集者社会不平等产生的过程和事件提供了最佳机会。本研究将集中于Keatley Creek村的演变，重点是产生复杂社会组织的过程。为了实现这一目标，潘提斯博士将指导多学科研究，包括考古发掘、遗址地层学评估、放射性碳测年、以及生活行为、技术和房屋楼层活动组织变化的研究。更具体地说，挖掘将集中在记录从一般狩猎采集者到复杂狩猎采集者转变的考古沉积物上。放射性碳分析将确定该村社会复杂性出现的日期。对植物遗骸、动物骨骼和石器的研究将使我们能够评估在这一重要转变期间食物采购、准备和消费的组织变化。研究小组将重点研究几个问题：1。社会复杂性的转变是什么时候发生的？2. 这种文化转变是突然的还是渐进的？3. 这种转变是否伴随着生存的重大变化？4. 这种转变是在技术重组之后发生的吗？5. 在此期间劳工组织发生了怎样的变化？该项目的结果将促进对复杂社会进化的人类学理解。它还将为了解北部高原晚期复杂的狩猎采集者社区的组织提供见解。最后，它将在太平洋西北地区的印第安人和考古学家之间建立积极的工作关系。