Ocean Acidification: Examining Impacts on Squid Paralarval Development, Behavior, and Survival

海洋酸化：检查对鱿鱼副幼体发育、行为和生存的影响

• 批准号: 1220034
• 负责人: Aran Mooney
• 金额: $ 58.71万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1220034&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Examining; Impacts; Squid

Squid are often referred to as keystone species because of their central role in ocean ecosystems. They play vital roles in marine food webs both as prey for many of top predators such as seabirds, dolphins, sharks, and tunas, and as voracious predators of smaller, often deep-water (mesopelagic) fishes and invertebrates. Squid comprise a substantial fisheries resource, both directly as commercial and recreational fisheries, and indirectly as an important food source for many of the fishes consumed by a growing human population. Changes in squid abundances can dramatically impact the ecology of the ocean and fisheries yields. Despite the importance of squid to both ecosystems and economies, there has been little investigation of the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on these taxa. Impacts upon juvenile squid are a primary concern because: (i) early developmental stage animals are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and (ii) their successful early life history growth, behavior and survival are critical to founding future cohorts that support ecosystem food webs and global fisheries. The goal of this work is to quantify how OA conditions impact squid embryo and juvenile development, behavior, and survival. The studies will provide a mechanistic foundation for understanding potential impacts of OA on squid populations. Squid are dynamic organisms, which may now encounter high carbon dioxide and lower pH in areas of ocean upwelling, and measures of these environmental variables will be collected in this study. This research takes an extensive whole-organism approach to understanding OA impacts on squid by examining anatomy, physiology, and behavior of these animals at levels of environmental carbon dioxide and pH encompassing present-day and predicted, future values. These are the first tests to comprehensively examine OA impacts on squid. The experiments are timely in the context of changing ocean conditions, increased pressure on squid fisheries, and preliminary data showing potential OA impacts on squid. Understanding these effects will aid fisheries managers in estimating ecosystem and economic impacts in this and other cephalopod species. Information from this research will be used to engage and educate the general public, who are fascinated by squid biology, about ocean acidification through a summer seminar series at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The research team and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Communications Department will communicate findings from this study to journalists; interact with teachers about this work through existing fellowship programs; construct and convey education materials for grade-school children at a local science school; and develop a squid dissection module for high school teachers entitled "Squid have ears too!"

鱿鱼通常被称为关键物种，因为它们在海洋生态系统中发挥着核心作用。它们在海洋食物网中发挥着至关重要的作用，既是海鸟、海豚、鲨鱼和金枪鱼等许多顶级掠食者的猎物，也是较小的、通常是深水（中层）鱼类和无脊椎动物的贪婪掠食者。 鱿鱼是一种重要的渔业资源，直接作为商业和休闲渔业，间接作为不断增长的人口消费的许多鱼类的重要食物来源。鱿鱼数量的变化会对海洋生态和渔业产量产生巨大影响。 尽管鱿鱼对生态系统和经济都很重要，但海洋酸化（OA）对这些类群的影响几乎没有调查。对幼鱿鱼的影响是一个主要问题，因为：（一）早期发育阶段的动物对环境条件高度敏感，（二）它们成功的早期生活史生长、行为和生存对于建立支持生态系统食物网和全球渔业的未来群体至关重要。这项工作的目标是量化OA条件如何影响鱿鱼胚胎和幼鱼的发育，行为和生存。这些研究将为了解OA对鱿鱼种群的潜在影响提供一个机制基础。鱿鱼是动态生物，现在可能会遇到高二氧化碳和较低的pH值在海洋涌升区，这些环境变量的措施将在这项研究中收集。这项研究采取了广泛的全生物体方法来了解OA对鱿鱼的影响，通过检查这些动物在环境二氧化碳和pH值水平下的解剖学，生理学和行为，包括现在和预测的未来值。这些是全面检查OA对鱿鱼影响的第一次测试。在海洋条件不断变化、鱿鱼渔业压力增加以及初步数据显示有机酸对鱿鱼的潜在影响的背景下，这些实验是及时的。 了解这些影响将有助于渔业管理人员估计生态系统和经济影响，在这个和其他头足类动物物种。这项研究的信息将用于通过伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的夏季研讨会系列来吸引和教育对鱿鱼生物学着迷的公众。研究小组和伍兹霍尔海洋学传播部将向记者传达这项研究的结果;通过现有的奖学金计划与教师交流这项工作;为当地科学学校的小学生制作和传达教育材料;并为高中教师开发一个名为“鱿鱼也有耳朵！"