Biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in small vs. large scale agriculture

生物多样性保护不能仅仅依靠保护区，因为可持续保护需要管理包括农业区在内的整个景观的战略。德国的有机农业可以通过增强生态系统服务，为保护生物多样性和农业的可持续性做出巨大贡献。然而，这种农业环境管理的有效性在很大程度上取决于景观结构。本研究的主要目的是通过测量植物和节肢动物的多样性以及相关的生态系统服务，如种子捕食、昆虫捕食、蚜虫寄生和授粉，比较小规模和大规模农业中有机谷物管理的有效性。将在前德国内部边界沿着的小规模和大规模农业景观中选择成对的有机和常规冬小麦田，即在西部和东部德国。这项研究设计使一个独特的实验，在那里它将有可能解开景观组成和配置异质性在同一研究区域的影响，并研究这些如何影响有机管理的有效性。对预期有价值的数据进行详细分析可以提供重要的结果（在高排名的国际科学期刊上发表），并有助于现有的

Biodiversity conservation cannot rely on protected areas alone, as sustainable conservation requires strategies for managing whole landscapes including agricultural areas. Organic farming in Germany may contribute strongly to the protection of biodiversity and to sustainability of agriculture through enhancing ecosystem services. However, the effectiveness of this agri-environmental management is highly dependent on landscape structure. The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of organic cereal management in small vs. large scale agriculture through measure of the diversity of plants and arthropods and associated ecosystem services, such as seed predation, insect predation, aphid parasitism and pollination. Pairs of organic and conventional winter wheat fields will be selected in small vs. large scale agricultural landscapes along the former inner German border, i.e. in West vs. East Germany. This study design enables a unique experiment, where it would be possible to disentangle the effects of landscape composition and configuration heterogeneities in the same study region and to study how these affect the effectiveness of organic management. The detailed analyses of the expected valuable data could provide significant results (published in high ranked, international scientific journals), and contribute to the development of the existing