Formal Responses to Increasing Diversity within Social Institutions

《对社会机构内日益多样化的正式反应》，Tricia C.Bruce，PIABSTRACT社会机构如何应对日益多样化？这项研究通过对美国天主教会中非领土教区的深入、全国性的审视，研究了亚文化在宗教机构中的容纳问题。数据来自：(1)关于非属地或“个人”教区的存在和创建的全国教区调查，以及(2)对几个教区的个人教区的后续案例研究。在美国种族、政治和文化日益多样化的背景下，这项研究引起了人们对美国最大宗教派别如何培养和管理服务于亚文化群体的会众的关注。它描绘了一个重要的概念(“个人教区”)，这个概念对美国人如何在当地背景下建立和定义宗教具有日益重要的意义。创建个人教区以基于种族、语言、仪式或其他原因服务于天主教徒的亚文化，揭示了宗教团体如何在一个日益受到身份而不是领土归属驱动的多元化宗教市场中行事。这些发现不仅对宗教团体试图从内部适应多样性具有重要意义，而且对于更广泛地理解美国生活中的同质性和异质性具有重要意义，正如各种社会制度所揭示的那样。广泛的影响这个项目带来了与面临亚文化多样化的所有社会制度相关的问题的经验数据。它与社会机构适应多样性和在不断变化的地方环境中组织的方式相关，可以被学者和政策制定者利用。其更广泛的影响还包括(1)对阿巴拉契亚地区的本科生、非博士授予学院(包括多语种和第一代大学生)进行社会科学方法论方面的培训，(2)向对美国宗教和其他社会机构亚文化多样性的回应的理论和文化影响感兴趣的广泛受众展示，以及(3)公众获得以前未收集到的面向传统边缘化人群的会众信息。由此产生的个人教区档案数据库将有助于未来对美国宗教景观多样化的研究。

"Formal Responses to Increasing Diversity within Social Institutions"Tricia C. Bruce, PIABSTRACTHow do social institutions respond to increasing diversity? This research examines the question of the accommodation of subcultures in religious institutions via an in-depth, national look at non-territorial parishes in the U.S. Catholic Church. Data are drawn from: (1) a nationwide survey of dioceses regarding the presence and creation of non-territorial or "personal" parishes, and (2) follow-up case studies of personal parishes in several dioceses.In a context of increasing racial, political, and cultural diversification in the U.S., this study brings attention to how the largest U.S. religious denomination has fostered and managed congregations which serve sub-cultural groups. It maps an important concept (the "personal parish") which has growing and significant implication for how Americans build and define religion in local contexts. The creation of personal parishes to serve subcultures of Catholics on the basis of ethnicity, language, rite, or other reason reveals how religious groups act within a pluralistic religious marketplace driven increasingly by identity rather than territorial ascription. Findings carry significance not only for religious groups in their attempts to accommodate diversity from within but also for a broader understanding of homophily and heterogeneity in American life as revealed in a variety of social institutions.Broader ImpactsThis project brings empirical data to bear on questions relevant to all social institutions facing subcultural diversification. Its relevance to the ways social institutions accommodate diversity and organize amidst changing local contexts can be utilized by scholars and policy makers.Its broader impacts also include (1) training for undergraduate students at an Appalachian, non-PhD granting college (including multilingual and first-generation college students) in the methodology of the social sciences, (2) presentation to broad audiences interested in the theoretical and cultural implications of responses to subcultural diversity in American religion and other social institutions, and (3) public access to previously ungathered information on congregations geared toward traditionally marginalized populations. A resulting database of personal parish profiles will facilitate future studies of diversification in the American religious landscape.