Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Demographic and Social Transformations in the Mimbres Region: An Investigation of the Black Mountain Site and Phase (A.D. 1130 to 1300)

博士论文改进补助金：明布尔地区的人口和社会变革：黑山遗址和阶段的调查（公元 1130 年至 1300 年）

• 批准号: 1227169
• 负责人: Stephen Lekson
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1227169&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Demographic

Under the guidance of Dr. Stephen H. Lekson, Kathryn Putsavage will examine the demographic and social transformation which occurred in the Mimbres region of southwestern New Mexico around A.D. 1130/1150 at the beginning of the Black Mountain phase. The Mimbres region of southwestern New Mexico is renowned for the distinctive black-on-white pottery created during the Mimbres phase (A.D. 1000 to 1130/1150). At the height of the Mimbres phase, populations totaled as many as seven thousand people. Around A.D. 1130/1150, production of the distinctive pottery dramatically decreased and completely ceased in some areas. During this period of change, it is unclear if populations in the region were replaced, reorganized, and/or decreased yet continued to live in the Mimbres region. This was accompanied by the expansion and reorganization of local and regional social and economic networks. Scholars working in the region agree there was a demographic and social transformation around A.D. 1130/1150, but the chronology, scale, and the specific nature of these events are not fully understood. Although focused on one specific region and time period the research is significant because it examines the long term relation between demography, social organization and culture change in a traditional society which existed in an unpredictable and highly variable semi-arid environment.In order to understand the chronology of the demographic and social transition, the Black Mountain Archaeological Project (BMAP) will collect materials suitable for radiocarbon dating to refine the chronology of the site and time period. Since the Black Mountain site may be the largest of its phase, it is important to determine exactly when and for how long the site was occupied. To understand the scale of the transformation, BMAP will conduct geophysical survey. Since some scholars have suggested the Mimbres region was depopulated after A.D. 1130/1150, documenting the size of the Black Mountain site will provide important information on the scale of population movement around A.D. 1130/1150. To reconstruct and characterize the demographic transformation, BMAP will utilize ceramic and obsidian sourcing techniques. Because geologic sources of obsidian and clay have distinct chemical compositions, these methods can be used to track the circulation of artifacts made of these materials. This will enable BMAP to track changes in trade between the Mimbres and Black Mountain phases. Through comparison of these artifacts, geophysical survey, test excavations, and the collection of datable materials, the project will investigate whether these processes represent a replacement of new populations, a continuous occupation accompanied by social reorganization, or some other scenario. This research will have a broader impact beyond the research topics presented. Through collaborative work with local museums and archaeological societies, the project will also promote historic preservation in Deming, New Mexico, and in the Mimbres region. This area has been severely impacted by looting and the Black Mountain site serves as an important example of how looting can negatively affect the archaeological record. Finally, BMAP will collaborate with other research projects to build a regional context for transformations and other questions. Additionally, the data produced by the project will be widely available online to researchers through the Archaeological Records Management Section (ARMS), a division of the Museum of New Mexico, and the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division.

在Stephen H.Lekson博士的指导下，Kathryn Putavage将研究公元1130/1150年左右发生在新墨西哥州西南部明布雷斯地区的人口和社会变化，当时是黑山阶段的开始。新墨西哥州西南部的明布雷斯地区以在明布雷斯时期(公元1000年至1130/1150年)制作的独特的黑白陶器而闻名。在Mimbres阶段的高峰期，人口总数多达7000人。大约在公元1130/1150年左右，这种独特的陶器的生产急剧减少，并在一些地区完全停止。在这一变化期间，尚不清楚该地区的人口是否被替换、重组和/或减少，但仍继续生活在明布雷斯地区。伴随而来的是地方和区域社会和经济网络的扩大和重组。在该地区工作的学者们同意在公元1130/1150年左右发生了人口和社会变革，但这些事件的年代、规模和具体性质尚不完全清楚。虽然这项研究集中在一个特定的地区和时间段，但这项研究具有重要意义，因为它考察了存在于不可预测和高度可变的半干旱环境中的传统社会中人口、社会组织和文化变化之间的长期关系。为了了解人口和社会转型的年代学，黑山考古项目(BMAP)将收集适合放射性碳测年的材料，以完善遗址和时间段的年代学。由于黑山遗址可能是其阶段中最大的阶段，因此确定该遗址被占领的确切时间和时间是很重要的。为了了解改造的规模，BMAP将进行地球物理测量。由于一些学者认为明布雷斯地区在公元1130/1150年后人口减少，记录黑山遗址的大小将提供有关公元1130/1150年前后人口迁移规模的重要信息。为了重建和描述人口结构的变化，BMAP将利用陶瓷和黑铁矿采购技术。由于黑铁矿和粘土的地质来源具有不同的化学成分，这些方法可以用来追踪由这些材料制成的文物的循环。这将使BMAP能够跟踪Mimbres和Black Mountain阶段之间的贸易变化。通过对这些文物的比较、地球物理调查、试掘和收集可测定日期的材料，该项目将调查这些过程是否代表着新人口的更替、伴随着社会重组的持续占领或其他情况。这项研究将在所提出的研究主题之外产生更广泛的影响。通过与当地博物馆和考古学会的合作，该项目还将促进新墨西哥州戴明和明布雷斯地区的历史保护。这一地区受到了抢劫的严重影响，黑山遗址是一个重要的例子，说明抢劫如何对考古记录产生负面影响。最后，BMAP将与其他研究项目合作，为变革和其他问题建立一个区域背景。此外，该项目产生的数据将通过新墨西哥州博物馆下属的考古记录管理科(ARMS)和新墨西哥州历史保护司在网上广泛提供给研究人员。