MRI: Development of a Windowless Hydrogen Gas Flow Target for a High Precision Measurement of the Proton Charge Radius

MRI:开发无窗氢气流目标,用于高精度测量质子电荷半径

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1229153
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 41.04万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Protons and neutrons (collectively called nucleons) are fundamental building blocks of the atomic nuclei, and they are held together inside nuclei by the strong force. Precise knowledge of the proton's radius is critically important for understanding nucleons in terms of the underlying quarks and gluons, which are the degrees of freedom of the accepted theory of the strong force called quantum chromodynamics (QCD). High precision measurement of the proton's radius is also warranted by the recent controversy over the size of the proton, triggered by the new ultra-high precision measurement in muonic hydrogen, which is significantly smaller than the commonly accepted value obtained from measurement in normal (electronic) hydrogen. To address this "proton radius crisis," we have developed a novel electron scattering experiment that can achieve an unprecedented precision using a high resolution calorimeter and a windowless gas flow target.A Collaboration consisting of Norfolk State University, Duke University, Mississippi State University, and North Carolina A&T State University will develop and construct a windowless hydrogen gas flow target in order to measure the proton charge radius with sub-percent precision. The experiment will be carried out at Jefferson Lab, where this target will be the first of its kind. The windowless target in conjunction with a high resolution calorimeter will allow us to access momentum transferred squared ranging from 0.0001 to 0.001 GeV-squared, which is lower than any previous electron scattering experiment. The experiment will employ a novel approach of simultaneous measurements of electron-proton elastic scattering cross section and Moller scattering cross section using a high resolution calorimeter. This novel approach will help achieve the unprecedented precision and an almost model independent extraction of the proton charge radius for the first time in electron scattering experiments.
质子和中子(统称为核子)是原子核的基本组成部分,它们在原子核内通过强力结合在一起。 质子半径的精确知识对于理解夸克和胶子的核子至关重要,夸克和胶子是被称为量子色动力学(QCD)的强作用力理论的自由度。 质子半径的高精度测量也是由最近关于质子大小的争议所保证的,这是由μ子氢中新的超高精度测量引发的,μ子氢的测量明显小于通常接受的正常(电子)氢的测量值。 为了解决这一“质子半径危机”,我们开发了一种新的电子散射实验,该实验使用高分辨率量热计和无窗气体流靶,可以达到前所未有的精度。由诺福克州立大学、杜克大学、密西西比州立大学和北卡罗来纳州A T州立大学组成的合作伙伴&将开发和建造一个无窗氢气流靶,以测量质子电荷精度低于百分之一的半径。 该实验将在杰斐逊实验室进行,该目标将是同类中的第一个。 无窗目标结合高分辨率量热计将使我们能够获得从0.0001到0.001 GeV平方的动量转移平方,这低于任何以前的电子散射实验。 实验将采用一种新的方法,使用高分辨率量热计同时测量电子-质子弹性散射截面和Moller散射截面。 这种新的方法将有助于实现前所未有的精度和几乎模型独立提取的质子电荷半径的第一次在电子散射实验。

项目成果

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