Collaborative Research: Investigation of Fundamental Properties of Lead-free Nanosolders for Nanoscale Assembly and Nano-Joining

这项资助的研究目标是确定用于连接/键合应用的纳米级无铅焊料(纳米焊料)的合成-结构-性能关系。虽然纳米技术在电子设备领域取得了长足的发展，但要达到纳米电子制造和商业化的阶段，还需要克服一些关键挑战。到目前为止，纳米电子学和器件研究中的一个主要挑战是有效地将纳米元素(如纳米线或碳纳米管)与低接触电阻连接起来，以获得可靠的电和热互连。在这个项目中，PIs将以各向同性和各向异性纳米结构(纳米球、纳米棒、纳米线等)的形式合成几种有希望的无铅纳米载体，并确定它们在纳米尺度组装和纳米连接中潜在应用的基本性质。将研究纳米焊料的熔点、纳米尺度的润湿、金属间化合物的形成和相变。将通过与新英格兰和美国东北部地区的当地电子公司合作，探索和解决纳米材料的潜在问题，包括表面氧化。如果成功，这种跨学科的合作努力将为高质量和可靠性的纳米电子设备的进一步微型化提供一条途径。无铅纳米焊料和纳米焊接技术有望在电子工业以及先进材料连接的各个领域发挥关键作用，包括医疗设备、纳米机电系统(NEMS)、传感器、航空航天和国防工业。该项目的成果将通过NSF NSEC高速纳米制造中心(CHN)、新英格兰无铅电子联盟(30多家本地和全国性公司)、纽约的综合电子工程中心(IEEC)和专业会议进行传播。私人投资机构将在马萨诸塞州和纽约的两个机构举办关于纳米材料和纳米电子组装的技术研讨会、联合讲习班和会议。新的发现还将被整合到本科生和研究生课程中，包括开发新的纳米连接实验室模块，以及与波士顿科学博物馆(MoS)的K-12外联。

The research objective of this grant is to determine the synthesis-structure-property relationships in nanoscale lead-free solders (nanosolders) for joining/bonding applications. Although nanotechnology has experienced dramatic development in the area of electronics and devices, some key challenges have to be overcome in order to reach the stage of nanoelectronics manufacturing and commercialization. To date, one major challenge in nanoelectronics and device research is the effective joining of nanoelements (such as nanowires or carbon nanotubes) with low contact resistance to obtain reliable electrical and thermal interconnection. In this project, the PIs will synthesize several promising lead-free nanosolders, in the form of isotropic and anisotropic nanostructures (nanospheres, nanorods, nanowires, etc), and determine the fundamental properties underlying their potential applications in nanoscale assembly and nano-joining. Melting points of nanosolders, nanoscale wetting, inter-metallic formation, and phase transformation will be studied. The potential issues of nanosolders, including surface oxidation, will be probed and addressed through collaboration with local electronics companies in the New England and US Northeast Region.If successful, this interdisciplinary collaborative effort will provide a pathway into further miniaturization of nanoelectronic devices with high quality and reliability. Lead-free nanosolder materials and nano-soldering techniques are expected to play a key role in the electronics industry, as well as in various areas of advanced materials joining, including medical devices, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), sensors, aerospace and defense industries. The results from this project will be disseminated through the NSF NSEC Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN), the New England Lead-free Electronics Consortium (over 30 local and national companies), the Integrated Electronics Engineering Center (IEEC) in New York, and professional conferences. Technical seminars, joint workshops, and conferences on nanosolders and nanoelectronics assembly will be organized by the PIs at the two institutions in Massachusetts and New York. The new findings will also be integrated into undergraduate and graduate courses, including the development of new nano-joining lab modules, and in K-12 outreach with the Museum of Science (MoS) in Boston.