Collaborative Research: Ammonia (NH3) Emission from Fertilizer Application: Understanding an Uncertain Input to Air Quality Models

该研究项目将测量伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校（UIUC）能源农场玉米田的氨排放量，并将当地排放量按区域规模计算。氨排放将分别采用松驰涡流积累法和气动梯度法测量，分别采用光度计和腔衰荡光谱仪。在景观尺度上，玉米冠层上方和内部的排放将用双向交换模型进行解释。利用EPIC（侵蚀生产力影响计算器）及其交互版本（i-EPIC）的过程尺度建模方法，将利用调节氨排放的环境因素（即气象、土壤和冠层特征、土地利用和肥料施用量）来将本地排放按区域尺度进行缩放。该项目的成果将通过研究会议和出版物的场所传播，也将通过使用网络工具传播。主要研究人员将与国家大气沉积计划（NADP）进行互动，以检查与现有的试点氨监测网络以及NADP的关键负荷和总沉积科学小组委员会整合的潜力。作为教育和指导部分的一部分，将招募本科生，特别强调代表性不足的群体，并由主要研究人员和研究生指导本项目的研究方法。她们还将被指导为专业会议准备演讲材料，并将她们的知识传授给参加STEM校园活动的来自不同背景的高中女生。作为这项研究项目的一部分，将为空气质量课程开发新的教学模块，重点是大气沉积模型和微气象方法的使用。教学模块也将为一个新的夏令营开发，重点是环境工程，面向高中女生。与本提案主题相关的额外教学模块将侧重于粮食和生物燃料生产对空气质量和气候变化的影响。

This research project will measure ammonia emissions from the corn plot at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Energy Farm and to scale local emissions to the regional scale. The ammonia emissions will be measured by relaxed eddy accumulation and the aerodynamic gradient method using denuders and a cavity ringdown spectrometer, respectively. Emissions above and within the corn canopy at the landscape scale will be interpreted with a bi-directional exchange model. A process-scale modeling approach using EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) and its interactive version (i-EPIC), which are driven by environmental factors regulating ammonia emissions (i.e., meteorology, soil and canopy characteristics, land use, and mass of fertilizer applied), will be used to scale local emissions to the regional scale.The results of the project will be disseminated through the venues of research conferences and publications but also through the use of web-based tools. The principal investigators will interact with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) to examine the potential of integration with the existing pilot Ammonia Monitoring Network and with the NADP's Critical Loads and Total Deposition Science subcommittees. As part of the educational and mentoring component, undergraduate students will be recruited, with specific emphasis on underrepresented groups, and mentored by the principal investigators and graduate students, on the research methods of this project. They will also be mentored on preparing presentation material for professional conferences and for transferring their knowledge to high school age female students from diverse backgrounds participating with STEM campus activities. As part of this research project, new teaching modules will be developed for air quality courses with focus on atmospheric deposition models and use of micrometeorological methods. Teaching modules will also be developed for a new summer camp focused on environmental engineering, for high school age female students. The additional teaching modules related to the topic of this proposal will focus on the effects of food and biofuel production on air quality and climate change.