Understanding and Enhancing Post-Combustion Multi-Pollutant Control with Carbon-Based Materials

了解和加强碳基材料燃烧后多污染物控制

• 批准号: 1034470
• 负责人: Mark Rood
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1034470&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Enhancing; Post; Combustion; Multi

AbstractPI: Mark RoodProposal Number: CBET-1034470Institution: University of IllinoisTitle: Understanding and Enhancing Post-Combustion Multi-Pollutant Control with Carbon-Based MaterialsNOx, mercury (Hgo/Hg2+), and dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) are emitted from a wide range of sources, but emissions from coal-fired power plants are especially significant. NOx contributes to acidification of precipitation and secondary aerosol formation resulting in ozone, which causes health effects, and visibility degradation. Mercury is a bioaccumulating pollutant that leads to enriched concentrations and heightened toxicity in lake sediments, animals, and humans, while PCDD/Fs are known to be excessively toxic and carcinogenic. Air quality regulations are becoming stricter for these pollutants to protect human health and welfare. Technologies need to be developed to enhance our ability to consume less toxic materials, prevent the emission of these pollutants to the environment, and provide for a more sustainable existence. This research will develop new, low-cost carbon-based materials to oxidize NO and Hgo so they can be more readily captured from post-combustion flue gas streams with existing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Tailoring of the physical and chemical properties of these novel carbon-based materials will be used to increase the localized concentrations of NO and Hgo in the carbon?s microporous structure by adsorption, expose the contaminants to select reactants(i.e., surface functional groups and/or catalysts) to induce oxidation, and then release the products for capture with existing technologies that are not effective without such prior processing. These carbon-based materials will also be evaluated to decompose PCDD/F in simulated flue gas streams. Such approach allows for careful development and evaluation of porous carbon-based materials that can selectively contain or act as catalysts to provide multipollutant control of NOx, mercury, and PCDD/F.The intellectual merit of achieving multi-pollutant control is carefully planned in this proposal. The international research team at University of Illinois, URS, Inc., and National Central University, Taiwan are uniquely qualified to study the ability of custom and commercially available carbons to achieve multi-pollutant transformations and removal of toxic air pollutants from flue gas streams. These results will be interpreted and disseminated through national/international collaborations and conferences, educational programs at University of Illinois, peer-reviewed literature, and educational programs at the K-12 level. The broader impacts of this research have been carefully developed to effectively integrate the results from this research with education at K-12 schools and the undergraduate/graduate levels of college education. The key component for K-12 activity is to make young students aware and more interested in engineering solutions to solve environmental issues. The results from all components of this project will be disseminated not only through conventional research conferences and manuscripts, but also through exciting classroom demonstration modules, web-based modules, and in collaboration with The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Coalition, supported by the Illinois Board of Higher Education. Underrepresented research assistants at the undergraduate level will be recruited to participate with this project through NSF?s supplemental REU Program, and collaboration is planned with college students abroad. Overall, the research, educational, and outreach components of this project will allow for the development, based on fundamental physical and chemical principles, of unique carbon materials that allow for concomitant reduction in emissions of several high and low concentration gas phase pollutants with continuous dissemination of results to all levels of education.

摘要PI：Mark RoodProposal编号：CBET-1034470机构：伊利诺伊大学题目：了解和加强碳基材料燃烧后多污染物控制NOx、汞(HgO/Hg2+)和二恶英/呋喃(PCDD/F)的排放来源广泛，但燃煤电厂的排放尤其显著。氮氧化物导致降水酸化和二次气溶胶形成，导致臭氧，从而影响健康和能见度下降。汞是一种生物累积污染物，会导致湖泊沉积物、动物和人类的浓度升高和毒性增加，而二恶英/二恶英已知具有过高的毒性和致癌作用。空气质量法规对这些污染物的监管越来越严格，以保护人类的健康和福利。需要开发技术，以提高我们消耗较少有毒材料的能力，防止向环境排放这些污染物，并提供更可持续的生存。这项研究将开发新的、低成本的碳基材料来氧化NO和HGO，以便利用现有的烟气脱硫(FGD)系统从燃烧后的烟气中更容易地捕获它们。这些新型碳基材料的物理和化学性质的定制将被用来通过吸附增加碳S微孔结构中NO和HGO的局域浓度，暴露污染物以选择反应物(即表面官能团和/或催化剂)来诱导氧化，然后释放产品以捕获现有技术，这些产品如果没有这种预先处理是无效的。还将评估这些碳基材料在模拟烟气中分解多氯二苯并二恶英/氟。这种方法允许仔细开发和评估多孔碳基材料，这些材料可以选择性地包含或充当催化剂，以提供对NOx、汞和PCDD/F的多污染物控制。伊利诺伊大学URS公司和台湾国立中央大学的国际研究团队是唯一有资格研究定制和商业可获得的碳实现多种污染物转化和从烟气中去除有毒空气污染物的能力的团队。这些结果将通过国家/国际合作和会议、伊利诺伊大学的教育项目、同行评议的文献以及K-12级别的教育项目来解释和传播。这项研究的更广泛的影响已经被仔细地开发，以有效地将这项研究的结果与K-12学校的教育以及本科生/研究生的大学教育水平结合起来。K-12活动的关键组成部分是让年轻学生意识到并对解决环境问题的工程解决方案更感兴趣。该项目所有组成部分的成果不仅将通过传统的研究会议和手稿传播，还将通过激动人心的课堂示范模块、基于网络的模块以及与伊利诺伊州高等教育委员会支持的科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)教育联盟合作传播。将通过国家自然科学基金S补充研究联盟项目招募本科水平的研究助理参与该项目，并计划与海外大学生合作。总体而言，该项目的研究、教育和推广部分将能够根据基本的物理和化学原理开发独特的碳材料，从而减少几种高浓度和低浓度气相污染物的排放，并将结果持续传播到各级教育。