CPS: Frontiers: Collaborative Research: Foundations of Resilient CybEr-Physical Systems (FORCES)

这个NSF网络物理系统（CPS）前沿项目“弹性网络物理系统（FORCES）的基础”侧重于直接与人类交互的大规模网络CPS系统的弹性设计。FORCES旨在提供全面的工具，使CPS设计师和运营商能够将弹性控制（RC）算法与经济激励（EI）方案相结合。科学贡献该项目正在开发RC工具，以抵御各种攻击和故障；将人类行为与网络化CPS系统的时空和混合动态相结合的学习和控制算法；以及基于模型的设计，以确保跨项目所有分支的语义一致的表示。网络CPS系统的运行自然取决于系统的社会制度和使用和操作它们的人的个人部署选择。这些行为体之间存在不完全和不对称的信息，导致个体和社会最优均衡弹性水平之间存在差距。该项目正在制定经济效益计划，以缩小这一差距。FORCES团队的核心贡献，包括控制系统、博弈论和机制设计方面的专家，是RC和EI方案协同设计以及实现它们的技术工具的基础。预期影响弹性CPS基础设施是一项重要的国家资产。FORCES作为第一个将网络控制与博弈论工具和人类决策者的经济激励相结合的项目，为弹性CPS的设计和运营做出了贡献，从而促进了新的CPS科学的发展。FORCES集成协同设计理念正在两个CPS领域进行验证：电力分配和消耗以及交通网络。这些设计原型正在现实世界的场景中进行测试。该团队的研究工作得到了针对大量不同受众的弹性CPS教育产品的补充。

This NSF Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) Frontiers project "Foundations Of Resilient CybEr-physical Systems (FORCES)" focuses on the resilient design of large-scale networked CPS systems that directly interface with humans. FORCES aims to provide comprehensive tools that allow the CPS designers and operators to combine resilient control (RC) algorithms with economic incentive (EI) schemes.Scientific ContributionsThe project is developing RC tools to withstand a wide-range of attacks and faults; learning and control algorithms which integrate human actions with spatio-temporal and hybrid dynamics of networked CPS systems; and model-based design to assure semantically consistent representations across all branches of the project. Operations of networked CPS systems naturally depend on the systemic social institutions and the individual deployment choices of the humans who use and operate them. The presence of incomplete and asymmetric information among these actors leads to a gap between the individually and socially optimal equilibrium resiliency levels. The project is developing EI schemes to reduce this gap. The core contributions of the FORCES team, which includes experts in control systems, game theory, and mechanism design, are the foundations for the co-design of RC and EI schemes and technological tools for implementing them.Expected ImpactsResilient CPS infrastructure is a critical National Asset. FORCES is contributing to the development of new Science of CPS by being the first project that integrates networked control with game theoretic tools and the economic incentives of human decision makers for resilient CPS design and operation. The FORCES integrated co-design philosophy is being validated on two CPS domains: electric power distribution and consumption, and transportation networks. These design prototypes are being tested in real world scenarios. The team's research efforts are being complemented by educational offerings on resilient CPS targeted to a large and diverse audience.