The Influence of Temporal and Spatial Scales on Drivers of Host-Parasite Interactions

时空尺度对宿主-寄生虫相互作用驱动因素的影响

• 批准号: 1241889
• 负责人: Jason Rohr
• 金额: $ 90万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1241889&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Influence; Temporal; Spatial; Scales; Drivers

The distributions of virtually all organisms are dictated by abiotic and biotic factors and dispersal or propagule pressure (number of individuals colonizing a non-native region). Nevertheless, there are few theoretical and empirical studies that a) simultaneously consider the impacts of these three processes on species interactions and distributions or b) investigate how the relative influence of these factors change across spatial and temporal scales. Host-parasite interactions are species interactions of particular concern because human and wildlife diseases are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Funds are being provided to address this knowledge gap using a theoretical framework to test how spatial and temporal scales affect host-parasite interactions. Spatially, abiotic factors, such as climate, might be most important at large spatial scales, but biotic and propagule pressure factors might be more important at small scales where climate is generally more homogeneous. Temporally, unpredictable climatic shifts, which are increasing with global climate change, might increase infections because parasites should acclimate to temperature shifts more quickly than their hosts due to their smaller sizes and faster metabolisms. The overall goal of this grant is to use a combination of experiments, modeling, and local-to-global analyses to test these and other hypotheses for how spatiotemporal scales affect host-parasite interactions and disease emergence. Amphibian-parasite interactions will be the model study system because there are several spatiotemporally-explicit datasets on amphibian distributions, amphibian pathogen prevalence, and pathogen-driven amphibian declines and extinctions. The specific objectives are to:A. Determine how the temporal scale of climatic shifts affects host-parasite interactions.B. Evaluate how spatial scale affects the relative importance of abiotic, biotic, and propagule pressure factors to host-parasite interactions.C. Develop validated predictive models for extinction risk driven by climate change and disease.This award will engage individuals of ethnicities or abilities that are under-represented in science and will broadly educate the public on the biology of environmental change, providing a positive legacy that will persist beyond its funding. The proposed research will be thoroughly integrated with a new graduate course on the importance of spatiotemporal scales in ecology and will provide research opportunities for undergraduates that are female and of ethnicities or abilities that are under-represented in science. Additionally, in coordination with the Hillsborough County School District and the University of South Florida's College of Continuing Education, the research team will offer summer workshops (as continuing education credits) on the biology of environmental change for high school biology teachers. At least one-half of the teachers will be chosen from schools with a primarily minority enrollment. Finally, the scientific research itself will have widespread public benefits because it will enhance forecasts of the effects of natural and anthropogenic environmental change on disease risk across spatiotemporal scales.

几乎所有生物的分布都取决于非生物和生物因素以及扩散或繁殖压力（在非本地区域定居的个体数量）。然而，很少有理论和经验研究a）同时考虑这三个过程对物种相互作用和分布的影响，或者b）研究这些因素的相对影响如何在空间和时间尺度上发生变化。宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用是特殊关注的物种相互作用，因为人类和野生动植物疾病以前所未有的速度出现。提供了使用理论框架来解决这种知识差距的资金，以测试空间和时间尺度如何影响宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用。在空间上，在大空间尺度上，非生物因素（例如气候）可能是最重要的，但是在气候通常更均匀的小尺度上，生物和繁殖压力因子可能更重要。 在时间上，随着全球气候变化的增加，不可预测的气候变化可能会增加感染，因为由于寄生虫的尺寸较小和代谢更快，因此寄生虫应比宿主更快地适应温度变化。 该赠款的总体目标是结合实验，建模和局部到全球分析的结合，以测试这些和其他假设时时空尺度如何影响宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用和疾病出现。 两栖动物 - 寄生虫相互作用将是模型研究系统，因为有几个有关两栖动物分布，两栖动物病原体患病率以及病原体驱动的两栖动物下降和灭绝的空间分布数据集。 具体目标是：确定气候变化的时间尺度如何影响宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用。评估空间量表如何影响非生物，生物和繁殖压力因子对宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用的相对重要性。开发有验证的预测模型，以造成气候变化和疾病驱动的灭绝风险。该奖项将吸引在科学领域不足的种族或能力的个人，并将广泛教育公众关于环境变化的生物学，提供积极的遗产，将持续超出其资金。 拟议的研究将与新的研究生课程完全融合到生态学中时空量表的重要性，并将为女性的本科生以及科学中代表性不足的种族或能力的本科生提供研究机会。此外，在与希尔斯伯勒县学区和南佛罗里达大学继续教育学院的协调下，研究小组将为高中生物学教师的环境变化生物学提供夏季研讨会（作为继续教育学分）。 将至少从主要入学人数的学校中选出至少一半的教师。 最后，科学研究本身将具有广泛的公共利益，因为它将增强对自然和人为环境变化对跨时空量表疾病风险的影响的预测。