Collaborative Research: CubeSat--Lower Atmosphere/Ionosphere Coupling Experiment (LAICE)

合作研究：CubeSat——低层大气/电离层耦合实验（LAICE）

• 批准号: 1242897
• 负责人: Sharon Vadas
• 金额: $ 6.99万
• 依托单位: NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1242897&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CubeSat; Lower; Atmosphere

This project is to design, develop, operate, and analyse the results of a 6U CubeSat mission named the Lower Atmosphere/Ionosphere Coupling Experiment (LAICE). The overarching objective to investigate the gravity wave-driven coupling between the terrestrial atmosphere and the lower thermosphere/ ionosphere. In-situ instrumentation will measure the perturbations the waves produce in both neutral and ion densities at F-region heights, while on-board photometers will simultaneously measure the wavelengths and amplitudes of the wave fields in the upper mesosphere. Subsequent modeling coupled with meteorological data will reveal the connections between tropospheric storms and the MLTI system using state-of-the-art ray tracing techniques that include the effects of wave dissipation. The ionospheric ion density and temperature will be measured in-situ via the retarding potential analysis (RPA) technique. The electronics for the RPA will be built at Virginia Tech, but will involve only minor modifications to the flight proven UT Dallas design. The in-situ upper atmospheric neutral gas density will be measured by two distinct sensors: a traditional Bayard-Alpert (BA) ion gauge provided by the Aerospace Corporation, and new, diamond-like carbon (DLC) microtip-based gauge design that is better adapted to the power constraints of a CubeSat mission. The University of Illinois will provide a suite of nadir-viewing photometers to measure perturbations in the O2 (0-0) Atmospheric (A) and O2 Herzberg I (HI) band airglow emissions in the 90-100 km region during the nighttime portion of the orbit.This mission is the first of its kind; no previous satellite experiment has ever been devoted to identifying causal gravity wave links between the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere, and no previous experiment has systematically mapped active gravity wave regions at low and middle latitudes through direct observation of their ionospheric effects. These waves are a vitally important but under-explored facet of atmospheric physics. They strongly influence the dynamics of the media through which they travel by modifying the structure of the atmosphere at altitudes well above their source regions, and they may seed the development of plasma instabilities that scintillate and disrupt radio propagation. The fundamental science goals of the experiment are to: 1) systematically observe gravity waves with large vertical wavelengths at lower F-region heights, and correlate on a global scale remotely-sensed wave-induced airglow perturbations in the upper mesosphere with in-situ measurements of ion and neutral density fluctuations at higher altitudes, and 2) produce global maps of active gravity wave regions in the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere over multiple seasons at all local times, so that global patterns and climatological variations can be quantitatively compared to and correlated with terrestrial weather systems via modeling. The challenging cubesat mission is a high-risk effort but one with immensely high potential pay-off in providing a unique observational dataset of fundamental thermosphere and ionosphere parameters and related cutting-edge scientific findings. Active collaborations between engineering students at Virginia Tech and the University of Illinois will be established during the design, fabrication, integration, and environmental testing of the LAICE payloads and spacecraft; at least 60 undergraduates will participate in one or more phases of the development work, and in subsequent data analysis activities. Strong collaboration will occur between the schools in instrumentation systems, satellite communications, and data analysis. Facilities at both institutions will be used to test, integrate, and calibrate spaceflight hardware, and results will be presented at annual small-spacecraft conferences. All data and scientific findings that flow from the experiment will be made publicly available via a web interface established for this purpose.

该项目旨在设计、开发、操作和分析名为“低层大气/电离层耦合实验”(LAICE) 的 6U 立方体卫星任务的结果。总体目标是研究陆地大气与低层热层/电离层之间重力波驱动的耦合。现场仪器将测量波在 F 区高度的中性密度和离子密度中产生的扰动，而机载光度计将同时测量上层中间层波场的波长和振幅。随后的建模与气象数据相结合，将利用最先进的射线追踪技术（包括波耗散的影响）揭示对流层风暴与 MLTI 系统之间的联系。电离层离子密度和温度将通过减速电位分析（RPA）技术进行现场测量。 RPA 的电子设备将在弗吉尼亚理工大学制造，但只会对经过飞行验证的 UT 达拉斯设计进行微小修改。 原位高层大气中性气体密度将通过两个不同的传感器进行测量：航空航天公司提供的传统Bayard-Alpert (BA)离子计，以及新型类金刚石碳(DLC)微尖计设计，该设计更适合立方体卫星任务的功率限制。 伊利诺伊大学将提供一套天底观测光度计，用于测量轨道夜间部分 90-100 公里区域内 O2 (0-0) 大气 (A) 和 O2 Herzberg I (HI) 波段气辉发射的扰动。该任务是同类任务中的首次；以前没有任何卫星实验致力于确定低层大气和电离层之间的因果重力波联系，也没有以前的实验通过直接观察电离层效应来系统地绘制低纬度和中纬度活跃重力波区域的图。 这些波是大气物理学中一个极其重要但尚未得到充分探索的方面。 它们通过改变远高于其源区的高度的大气结构，强烈影响其传播的介质的动力学，并且它们可能会导致等离子体不稳定性的发展，从而闪烁和破坏无线电传播。 该实验的基本科学目标是：1）系统地观察较低 F 区高度处具有大垂直波长的重力波，并在全球范围内将中层上部遥感波引起的气辉扰动与较高海拔处离子和中性密度波动的现场测量相关联，以及 2）生成 F 区活跃重力波区域的全球地图。 中低纬度电离层在所有当地时间的多个季节，以便通过建模可以将全球模式和气候变化与陆地天气系统进行定量比较和关联。 具有挑战性的立方体卫星任务是一项高风险的工作，但在提供基本热层和电离层参数以及相关前沿科学发现的独特观测数据集方面具有巨大的潜在回报。 弗吉尼亚理工大学和伊利诺伊大学的工程专业学生将在 LAICE 有效载荷和航天器的设计、制造、集成和环境测试过程中建立积极的合作；至少60名本科生将参与一个或多个阶段的开发工作，以及后续的数据分析活动。 学校之间将在仪器系统、卫星通信和数据分析方面进行强有力的合作。两个机构的设施将用于测试、集成和校准航天硬件，结果将在年度小型航天器会议上公布。 实验产生的所有数据和科学发现将通过为此目的建立的网络界面公开提供。