Division Plane Orientation in Plant Cells

植物有两种建立身体计划的方法：分裂和扩张。因此，了解细胞分裂，特别是细胞分裂与分化之间的协调关系，尤其是细胞分裂平面的正确取向，对于理解植物的发育至关重要。此外，分裂平面定向对于所有真核细胞来说都是至关重要的，植物是研究这一过程的有用的模式生物。人们对控制植物分裂平面正确定位的因素知之甚少，然而，最近的数据表明，植物分裂部位的顺序修饰对于细胞分裂的最终正确定位是必不可少的。这项研究确定了在拟南芥和玉米中负责控制分区平面方向的蛋白质。实验方法包括活细胞成像、生物化学、反向和正向遗传学。这项研究的预期结果是确定一个位于细胞周期时间背景和其他蛋白质相互作用网络中的植物分裂位点相互作用组。这一成果将产生重要的积极影响，因为阐明植物分裂平面定向的过程将为通过控制细胞分裂平面来修改植物提供新的工具和资源，这可能会导致下一代作物植物的改良。广泛影响这个项目专注于对植物细胞分裂动力学的基本了解，具有长期应用于作物植物的潜力，也将为更广泛的怀俄明州社区的学生提供有用的培训和教育机会。该项目将研究与培训和教育相结合，为怀俄明大学的本科生和社区学院转学学生提供学生工作坊，使用该项目中描述的发育遗传学和成像资源作为培训工具。作为分子生物学课程标准实验室课程的一部分，学生们将开始对选定的突变进行研究，然后将有机会申请来自美国国家科学基金会怀俄明州EPSCoR项目的竞争性学生资金，用于夏季研究。社区学院的学生将参加为期两天的A.thaliana成像和遗传学研讨会，以补充已经建立的活动，这些活动旨在向社区学院的学生介绍怀俄明大学本科生的机会。该项目旨在利用怀俄明大学的内部和外部资助项目，通过制定一项由一名女性首席研究员领导的研究计划，扩大代表不足群体的参与范围，目的是吸引新科学家进入国家需要的高度优先领域(农业和植物科学)的职业生涯。具体地说，研究人员将在一年一度的妇女和女孩科学日招待7年级和8年级的女孩。当学生进入高中科学课程时，他们将被鼓励通过Facebook与调查人员交流。除了通过发表同行评议的出版物和在国家会议上介绍项目成果来增进对科学和技术的了解外，该项目还将通过增进对植物部选址生物学的了解而使社会受益。从长远来看，这项研究的结果将转化为农作物的新发现，并得到补充。

Plants have two methods for establishing a body plan: division and expansion. Therefore, understanding cell division, particularly the coordination between cell division and differentiation mediated by correct orientation of the division plane, is crucial to understanding plant development. Moreover, division plane orientation is vital for all eukaryotic cells, and plants serve as useful model organisms for studying this process. Little is known about the factors that control proper orientation of the division plane in plants, however, recent data suggests that sequential modification of the plant division site is essential for the final proper orientation of cell division. This research identifies the proteins responsible for controlling division plane orientation in both Arabidopsis thaliana and maize. The experimental approaches include live cell imaging, biochemistry, and reverse and forward genetics. The expected outcome of this research is identification of a plant division site interactome placed within the temporal context of the cell cycle and within the interacting network of other proteins. This outcome will have important positive impact because elucidating the process of plant division plane orientation will provide new tools and resources for modifying plants through control of cell division planes which may lead to next generation improvements in crop plants.Broader ImpactsThis project, focusing on fundamental understanding of cell division dynamics in plants, has the potential for long-term application to crop plants and will also provide useful training and educational opportunities for students in the broader Wyoming community. The project integrates research with training and education by providing student workshops for undergraduates and community college transfer students at University of Wyoming that use developmental genetics and imaging resources described in this project as training tools. Students will initiate research on selected mutants as part of a standard laboratory course in the Molecular Biology curriculum, and then will have the opportunity to apply for competitive student funding from the NSF Wyoming EPSCoR program for summer research. Community college students will be offered two-day workshops in A. thaliana imaging and genetics to supplement already established activities designed to introduce community college students to opportunities as undergrads at University of Wyoming. The project aims to broaden participation of under-represented groups through development of a research program headed by a female principal investigator with the goal of attracting new scientists into careers in high-priority areas of national need (agriculture and plant sciences), making use of internally and externally funded programs at University of Wyoming. Specifically the investigator will host 7th and 8th grade girls at an Annual Women and Girls in Science Day. Students will be encouraged to communicate with the investigator via Facebook as they enter the high school science curriculum. In addition to enhancing scientific and technological understanding by dissemination of project results through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national conferences, the project will benefit society by advancing knowledge of the biology of plant division site orientation. In the long-term, the outcomes of the research will be translated to and complemented by new findings in crop plants.