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Modelling Counterfactual History in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia

苏联和后苏联俄罗斯的反事实历史建模

基本信息

批准号：
208680800
负责人：
Professor Dr. Riccardo Nicolosi
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Slavische Philologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Units
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/208680800?language=en
关键词：
Modelling Counterfactual History Soviet post

项目摘要

The goal of this project is to examine the pragmatics of counterfactuals, i.e. of scenarios that take the question "What would have happened, if..." as a starting point, on the macro level of cultural processes. In this project, cultural conditions and functions as well as structural characteristics of counterfactual narration of the past will be explored. The project will equally focus on history, especially on its historiosophical component, and on fictional alternate histories in literature. We will examine the exemplary case of Soviet and post-Soviet culture: Its historical-cultural characteristics with the rejection of counterfactual thinking in the Soviet era followed by a strong propagation of conjectural history in post-Soviet Russia allow us to study the cultural mechanisms that foster the emergence of counterfactual models of history. Furthermore, in Russia, counterfactual scenarios are closely connected to cultural memory, whereby their social and historical-political function becomes clearly visible. Furthermore, with a part of the project comprising a comparative perspective, more general literary and cultural theoretical conclusions can be drawn.By answering the following questions, the project will provide a new view of counterfactual models of thinking and writing and their to date unexplored cultural dimension: (i) Which historical-philosophical and literary conditions enable a culture to create counter-factual scenarios? Which is the relation of determinism and contingency, of idiographic and nomothetic approaches in and towards history and how are these aspects relevant for the emergence of counterfactual literature? (ii) Which are the cultural functions performed by counterfactual scenarios? The project starts from the working hypothesis that historic and fictional enactments of unrealized possi-bilities are at the same time constitutive and dynamic elements of a cultural memory. (iii) The aforementioned question regarding the cultural function of counterfactual speculations is closely connected to the question regarding their narrative structures: In what way are devices such as selection, segmentation, arrangement and presentation of unrealized events influencing the restructuring of elements of the cultural memory in thought experiments? And how do specifically fictional techniques like narrative conveyance, focalization or semantization of time and space in turn matter in literary uchronia? (iv) Why does Russian culture of the 20th and 21st century show peculiar difficulties in dealing with the concepts of unrealized past? The examination of these to date unnoticed specifics of Russian culture is to allow for new conclusions regarding its handling of history.

该项目的目标是在文化过程的宏观层面上研究反事实的语用学，即以“如果……会发生什么”为起点的场景。在这个项目中，将探讨过去的反事实叙事的文化条件和功能以及结构特征。该项目将同样侧重于历史，特别是在其历史哲学的组成部分，并在文学虚构的交替历史。我们将研究苏联和后苏联文化的典型案例：其历史文化特征与苏联时代对反事实思维的拒绝，以及后苏联时期俄罗斯猜想历史的强烈传播，使我们能够研究促进反事实历史模型出现的文化机制。此外，在俄罗斯，反事实情景与文化记忆密切相关，因此它们的社会和历史政治功能变得清晰可见。此外，项目的一部分包括比较的角度，更一般的文学和文化的理论结论可以得出。通过回答以下问题，该项目将为反事实的思维和写作模式及其迄今未被探索的文化维度提供一个新的视角：(i)哪些历史哲学和文学条件使一种文化能够创造反事实的场景？决定论和偶然性的关系是什么，历史中的具体方法和本体方法的关系是什么，这些方面与反事实文学的出现有什么关系？（ii）反事实情景的文化功能是什么？该项目从一个工作假设开始，即未实现可能性的历史和虚构的行为同时是文化记忆的构成和动态元素。（三）上述关于反事实推测的文化功能的问题与关于反事实推测的叙事结构的问题密切相关：对未实现事件的选择、分割、排列和呈现等手段如何影响思想实验中文化记忆要素的重组？具体来说，虚构的技巧，比如叙事的传递，时间和空间的聚焦或语义化，在文学的时空性中又有什么作用？（iv）为什么20世纪和21世纪的俄罗斯文化在处理未实现的过去的概念方面表现出特殊的困难？对这些迄今为止未被注意到的俄罗斯文化细节的研究，将使人们对其处理历史的方式得出新的结论。