Interactive effects of environmental change and host-parasite co-evolution on the ecological speciation of sticklebacks

环境变化和寄主-寄生物共同进化的交互作用对刺鱼生态物种形成的影响

• 批准号: 208746448
• 负责人: Dr. Christophe Eizaguirre
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Aquatic Ecology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/208746448?language=en
• 关键词: Interactive; effects; environmental; change; host

How human-caused environmental change affects the ecological and evolutionary processes that create and maintain biodiversity is a pressing question in biology. The eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is a widespread and ongoing problem that has manifold consequences for sustaining critical ecosystem services, including water quality and biodiversity. The loading of nutrients (e.g. phosphorus and nitrogen) to freshwater environments not only affects their chemical and physical condition, but also influences the nature of interactions between species such as host-parasite interactions which generate local adaptation patterns and may even lead to speciation. Pervasive effects of eutrophication can alter selection regimes and therefore, cause unexpected evolutionary changes in populations over short time scales. Here, using three-spined stickleback as a model system, we focus on how the interactive effects of nutrient loading and parasites might drive rapid evolutionary changes and breakdown of local adaptation. First, using an intensive field survey along a lake productivity gradient, we will test how lake productivity co-varies with i) parasite diversity and community composition, ii) host genotype diversity, and iii) host immune system function and gene expression- testing for local adaptation of host and parasite populations. Second, using a large scale experiment in mesocosms (42 X 1000 L), we will test how contrasting natural selection regimes, resulting from orthogonal combinations of parasites and nutrient levels, can affect phenotypically and genotypically stickleback adaptive abilities. In this experiment, we focus on phenotypic and genetic traits that have been implicated in mate selection, so that we can test if the contrasting selection regimes caused by manipulating nutrients and parasites (antagonistically) synergistically might contribute to population divergence, and play a role in (reverse) speciation. This work will shed light on how natural and sexual selection are mediated by parasites and environmental conditions, and how these processes jointly respond to divergent environments and affect the progress towards speciation.

人类引起的环境变化如何影响创造和维持生物多样性的生态和进化过程是生物学中一个紧迫的问题。水生生态系统的富营养化是一个广泛和持续存在的问题，对维持关键的生态系统服务，包括水质和生物多样性，具有多方面的影响。营养物（如磷和氮）向淡水环境的负荷不仅影响其化学和物理状况，而且还影响物种之间相互作用的性质，如宿主-寄生虫相互作用，从而产生局部适应模式，甚至可能导致物种形成。富营养化的普遍影响可以改变选择制度，因此，在短时间内引起意想不到的种群进化变化。本文以三棘棘鱼为模型系统，研究了营养负荷和寄生虫的相互作用如何驱动快速进化变化和局部适应的崩溃。首先，通过对湖泊生产力梯度进行深入的实地调查，我们将测试湖泊生产力如何与i)寄生虫多样性和群落组成，ii)宿主基因型多样性，iii)宿主免疫系统功能和基因表达共同变化-测试宿主和寄生虫种群的本地适应性。其次，通过在42 X 1000 L的中生态系统中进行大规模实验，我们将测试由寄生虫和营养水平的正交组合产生的不同自然选择制度如何影响棘鱼的表型和基因表型适应能力。在本实验中，我们将重点关注与配偶选择有关的表型和遗传性状，以便我们可以测试由操纵营养物质和寄生虫（拮抗）协同作用引起的对比选择制度是否可能导致种群分化，并在（反向）物种形成中发挥作用。这项工作将阐明寄生虫和环境条件如何介导自然选择和性选择，以及这些过程如何共同响应不同的环境并影响物种形成的进程。

项目成果

The contribution of post-copulatory mechanisms to incipient ecological speciation in sticklebacks

交配后机制对刺鱼早期生态物种形成的贡献

• DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0933
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Biology Letters
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Kaufmann;Eizaguirre;Milinski
• 通讯作者: Milinski

The association of feeding behaviour with the resistance and tolerance to parasites in recently diverged sticklebacks

• DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12934
• 发表时间: 2016-11-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Anaya-Rojas, Jaime M.;Brunner, Franziska S.;Matthews, Blake
• 通讯作者: Matthews, Blake

Experimental evidence that parasites drive eco-evolutionary feedbacks

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619147114
• 发表时间: 2017-04-04
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Brunner, Franziska S.;Anaya-Rojas, Jaime M.;Eizaguirre, Christophe
• 通讯作者: Eizaguirre, Christophe