Probing Fluids, Fractures, Faults, and Strain with PBO Borehole Data

利用PBO钻孔数据探测流体、裂缝、断层和应变我们正在研究地壳最上层在含有水等流体时的行为，使用的数据来自Earthscope板块边界观测站（PBO）组件的钻孔应变仪（BSM）网络。该网络包括测量美国西部各地的地面变形（应变）和流体压力，其中一些位于活跃断裂带：南加州的圣哈辛托断裂带。我们正在研究应变和流体压力是如何由于作用在地面上的气压变化、来自遥远地震的地震波和地壳的潮汐运动而变化的。我们将这些信息与每个井眼周围裂缝的数据相结合，以估计周围材料的水力特性，并将这些信息与网络中每个区域的大规模特征（如断层带）联系起来。在一个地点，我们也在观察抽取地下水（我们监测的）如何影响附近的两个应变计。我们正在开发方法，以纠正这些和其他BSM数据附近抽水或其他地下水变化。

Probing Fluids, Fractures, Faults, and Strain with PBO Borehole DataDuncan Carr AgnewAndrew J. BarbourWe are studying the how the uppermost part of the Earth's crust behaves when it also contains fluids such as water, using data from the borehole strainmeter (BSM) network operated by the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) component of Earthscope. This network includes measurements of ground deformation (strain) and fluid pressure at sites throughout the western United States, some of them in an active fault zone: the San Jacinto fault in southern California. We are examining how the strain and fluid pressure change because of changing air pressure acting on the ground, seismic waves from distant earthquakes, and the tidal motions of the Earth's crust. We are combining this information with data on the fractures around each borehole to estimate hydraulic properties of the surrounding material, and relate these to large-scale features (such as fault zones) in each region of the network. At one site we are also looking at how groundwater pumping (which we monitor) affects two strainmeters nearby. We are developing methods to correct these and other BSM data for nearby pumping or other groundwater changes.