Children's Use of Visual Information to Guide Selection and Timing of Motor Behaviors

儿童利用视觉信息来指导运动行为的选择和时机

• 批准号: 1251694
• 负责人: Jodie Plumert
• 金额: $ 49.98万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1251694&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Children; Use; Visual; Information; Guide

Whether bicycling or walking across roads, children must make decisions about whether gaps are large enough for safe crossing. This involves assessing how long it will take for the oncoming car to arrive in relation to how long it will take for them to cross the street. Past work suggests that gap decisions and crossing movements are less well coordinated in children than in adults. Children and adults choose the same size gaps, but children typically end up with less time to spare between themselves and the oncoming car. Tightly linking gap decisions and crossing movements may be particularly difficult when children are just beginning walk or bicycle across roads on their own. If so, we might expect developmental patterns to repeat themselves at different ages for pedestrian and cyclist road crossing. However, little is known about how pedestrian and cyclist road-crossing skills are related to each other because there have been no direct comparisons of the two skills. This project examines children's use of visual information to guide selection and timing of motor behaviors. The investigators will use large-screen, immersive pedestrian and bicycling simulators to safely and systematically compare how 6- to 12-year-old children select gaps and time their movement when walking vs. bicycling across intersections.This work will provide new information about children's perceptual-motor development in the context of a real-world problem where the visual information (i.e., traffic) stays the same, but the mode of locomotion differs (i.e., walking vs. bicycling). This research will also contribute to our understanding of the risk factors for collisions involving children and motor vehicles, a significant public health problem. As such, this work will help lay the foundation for future intervention studies designed to reduce the risk of such collisions.

无论是骑自行车还是步行穿过马路，孩子们都必须决定是否有足够大的间隙来安全穿越。这涉及到评估迎面而来的汽车需要多长时间才能到达，以及他们需要多长时间才能穿过街道。过去的研究表明，儿童的间隙决定和交叉运动不如成人协调。儿童和成人选择相同大小的间隙，但儿童通常最终在自己和迎面而来的汽车之间腾出的时间更少。当孩子们刚开始自己走路或骑自行车过马路时，将间隙决定和过马路动作紧密联系起来可能特别困难。如果是这样的话，我们可能会期望在不同年龄的行人和骑自行车的人过马路的发展模式重复自己。然而，很少有人知道行人和骑自行车的过马路技能是如何相互关联的，因为没有直接比较这两种技能。 该项目研究儿童使用视觉信息来指导运动行为的选择和时机。 研究人员将使用大屏幕、身临其境的行人和骑自行车模拟器，安全而系统地比较6至12岁儿童在步行和骑自行车穿过十字路口时如何选择间隙和时间。这项工作将提供有关儿童感知运动发展的新信息，在现实世界的问题背景下，视觉信息（即，交通）保持相同，但移动模式不同（即，步行与骑自行车）。这项研究还将有助于我们了解涉及儿童和机动车辆碰撞的风险因素，这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。因此，这项工作将有助于为今后旨在减少此类碰撞风险的干预研究奠定基础。