Novel Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Densities

具有超高能量密度的新型超级电容器

• 批准号: 1252924
• 负责人: Leon Shaw
• 金额: $ 33.39万
• 依托单位: Illinois Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1252924&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Supercapacitors; Ultrahigh; Energy; Densities

PI: Shaw, LeonProposal Number: 1234976Institution: University of ConnecticutTitle: Novel Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy DensitiesDevelopment of both electric vehicles and renewable energy requires energy storage systems that have high energy density and power density simultaneously with superior cycle life and low cost. It is well known that batteries typically provide high energy densities but with low power capacities, whereas capacitors normally have high power densities but with low energy capacities. However, for widespread market penetration of electric vehicles, particularly for plug-in hybrid vehicles and all electrical vehicles, high energy density is required for long driving distance, while high power density is needed for rapid recharge. Thus, the growing need for both high energy density and high power density cannot be met simultaneously with the existing storage technology. This project is proposed to solve these problems.In this project, a new generation of electrochemical capacitors, also termed supercapacitors (SCs), will be investigated and developed. Through innovative design and manufacturing of the electrode architecture, the key principles for making assembled SCs that have specific energy equivalent to those of batteries (~85 Wh/kg) while possessing ultrahigh rate performance (i.e., charging and discharging in a few minutes) will be established. These underlying principles can be applied in the future to construct SCs with even higher specific energies when the next-generation design of the electrode chemistry and nanostructure becomes available. Recent advancements in the electrode chemistry and nanostructure have revealed that SCs with high energy densities similar to those of batteries (e.g., 85 Wh/kg) are possible if the energy density is computed based on the active electrode materials alone. However, the high energy density based on the active electrode materials alone is very difficult to be translated into assembled devices with the similar high energy density. Assembled SCs, like Li-ion batteries, contain current collectors, electrolyte, separator, binder, connectors, and packaging, in addition to the electrodes. As a result, the energy density of an assembled device is typically lower than that of the active material by a factor of 3 to 4 or more. The proposed SCs in this project with interpenetrating positive and negative electrodes will solve this challenging problem precisely. Due to the innovative design of the electrode architecture, the thickness, width and height of electrodes can be made as large as possible until electronic conductivity becomes rate limiting. With this transformative technology, the PI will convert the high energy density based on the active electrode material into a comparable high energy density for an assembled device. The broad impact of this project will manifest in three fronts. First, the new generation SCs with unprecedented energy densities and superior rate performance are expected to revolutionize the field of energy storage and expedite the market penetration of electric vehicles and utilization of renewable energy, enabling major leaps to ensure our nation?s long-term energy security and a clean environment. Second, this project will provide excellent education and training opportunity to one graduate student and many undergraduate students in the areas of energy storage and alternative energy. Third, this project will make contributions to public education about nano-manufacturing and alternative energy.

主要研究者：Shaw，LeonProposal编号：1234976机构：康涅狄格大学题目：具有超高能量密度的新型超级电容器电动汽车和可再生能源的发展都要求储能系统同时具有高能量密度和功率密度，并具有上级循环寿命和低成本。众所周知，电池通常提供高能量密度但具有低功率容量，而电容器通常具有高功率密度但具有低能量容量。然而，对于电动车辆的广泛市场渗透，特别是对于插电式混合动力车辆和全电动车辆，需要高能量密度以实现长行驶距离，而需要高功率密度以实现快速充电。因此，现有的存储技术不能同时满足对高能量密度和高功率密度的日益增长的需求。本项目正是针对这些问题而提出的，在本项目中，将研究和开发新一代电化学电容器，也称为超级电容器（SC）。通过电极结构的创新设计和制造，制造具有与电池相当的比能量（~85 Wh/kg）同时具有可充电性能（即，在几分钟内充电和放电）将被建立。当下一代电极化学和纳米结构的设计变得可用时，这些基本原理可以在未来应用于构建具有更高比能量的SC。电极化学和纳米结构的最新进展已经揭示了具有类似于电池的高能量密度的SC（例如，85 Wh/kg）是可能的，如果能量密度仅基于活性电极材料计算。然而，仅基于活性电极材料的高能量密度很难转化为具有类似高能量密度的组装装置。组装的SC，如锂离子电池，除了电极之外，还包含集电器、电解质、隔膜、粘合剂、连接器和包装。结果，组装装置的能量密度通常比活性材料的能量密度低3至4倍或更多。本项目中提出的具有互穿正负电极的SC将精确地解决这一具有挑战性的问题。由于电极结构的创新设计，电极的厚度、宽度和高度可以尽可能大，直到电子传导率成为速率限制。通过这项变革性技术，PI将基于活性电极材料的高能量密度转换为组装器械的可比高能量密度。该项目的广泛影响将体现在三个方面。首先，具有前所未有的能量密度和上级倍率性能的新一代SC有望彻底改变储能领域，加快电动汽车的市场渗透和可再生能源的利用，实现重大飞跃，确保我们的国家？长期能源安全和清洁环境。第二，该项目将为一名研究生和多名本科生提供储能和替代能源领域的良好教育和培训机会。第三，该项目将有助于公众教育有关纳米制造和替代能源。