CAREER: An Integrated Approach to Neuron Mechanics: Deciphering the Functional, Mechanical, and Structural Interactions between Microtubules and Actin

职业：神经元力学的综合方法：破译微管和肌动蛋白之间的功能、机械和结构相互作用

• 批准号: 1254893
• 负责人: Megan Valentine
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1254893&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Integrated; Approach; Neuron; Mechanics

The research objective of this Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award is to use a suite of custom imaging and microscale manipulation tools to investigate the interdependence of motility, adhesion and transport in neurons. Neurons are specialized cells, with highly elongated geometries, that form mechanically connected networks to enable transmission of signals in the nervous system. The development of healthy neural networks depends on the action of filamentous cytoskeletal structures: actin guides neuron growth and adhesion, while microtubules serve as the tracks for the long-distance intracellular transport of proteins and organelles that is required to maintain the extended cell protrusions. Studies conducted under this award will determine the extent and nature of the coordination between the actin and microtubule structures by measuring how errors in long-distance transport affect cell adhesion and motility, and how chemically- and mechanically-engineered scaffolds that modulate adhesion affect transport. The effects of sudden impact injury on single neuron mechanics, adhesion and transport will also be determined. If successful, this research will provide a new paradigm for the experimental investigation of neurons (-). One that integrates distinct features such as adhesion or transport into one comprehensive model of neuron function. Ultimately, the results will lead to the design of improved neural devices and implantation materials, and novel treatment strategies for a wide range of neurological disorders and traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The educational goals are to include undergraduate students in all aspects of research, and to develop new teaching material on the emerging field of neuron mechanics. A new internship program, Veteran-student Internships in Biomechanics Research and NeuroTechnology (VIBRANT) will be developed to bring veteran students from local community colleges to campus to pursue independent research. One-on-one mentoring and professional development opportunities will be provided to encourage and empower veteran students to pursue science and engineering degrees.

这项教师早期职业发展（Career）奖的研究目标是使用一套定制的成像和微尺度操作工具来研究神经元运动、粘附和运输的相互依赖性。神经元是特殊的细胞，具有高度细长的几何形状，形成机械连接的网络，使神经系统中的信号传输成为可能。健康神经网络的发育依赖于丝状细胞骨架结构的作用：肌动蛋白引导神经元生长和粘附，而微管则是维持细胞突起延伸所需的蛋白质和细胞器的远距离胞内运输的轨道。根据该奖项进行的研究将通过测量长距离运输中的错误如何影响细胞粘附和运动性，以及化学和机械工程支架如何调节粘附影响运输，来确定肌动蛋白和微管结构之间协调的程度和性质。突发性撞击损伤对单神经元力学、粘附和运输的影响也将被确定。如果成功，本研究将为神经元的实验研究提供一个新的范式。将不同的特征（如粘附或运输）整合到一个神经元功能的综合模型中。最终，这些结果将导致改进的神经装置和植入材料的设计，以及广泛的神经系统疾病和创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的新治疗策略。教育目标是让本科生参与研究的各个方面，并开发新兴领域神经元力学的新教材。一项新的实习计划——生物力学研究和神经技术退伍军人学生实习（dynamic）将被开发出来，将当地社区大学的退伍军人学生带到校园进行独立研究。将提供一对一的辅导和专业发展机会，鼓励和授权资深学生攻读理工科学位。