Spawning During Storms and the Subsequent Dispersal and Settlement of Coastal Invertebrate Larvae

该研究将解决有关美国西海岸无脊椎动物产卵的四个问题：1)哪些近岸底栖无脊椎动物在冬季产卵？2)什么条件与刷出事件相关？（根据初步数据，pi预测大多数产卵将发生在大浪和沿海下降的时期。）3)这些冬季产卵的幼虫在沿海海域的传播模式是什么？4)远洋生物发育过程中海洋条件的变化如何影响幼虫向海岸的产卵？俄勒冈州库斯湾的俄勒冈海洋生物研究所海洋实验室将每天从海水入口取样。在涨潮时抽取海水，抽取沿岸海水样本。早期幼虫阶段将通过基因条形码识别，并将从实验室饲养的个体中开发视觉ID钥匙。时间序列分析将用于测试海洋学参数（例如温度、盐度、Chl-a、风应力和波浪数据）对由受精卵或胚胎的突然出现所指示的产卵事件的影响。在产卵事件之后，沿海海洋的海洋巡航将跟踪幼虫的扩散和远洋发育，并将它们的分布与沿海水动力学联系起来。监测站利用每日从海水系统和潮间带取样点收集的样本，监测近岸后期幼虫的数量和潮间带的沉降情况。这些时间序列将与水文参数进行比较，以确定有利于在海岸附近水域维持幼虫和将幼虫送到海岸的条件。更广泛的影响：幼虫将通过遗传学鉴定。pi将开发这些幼虫发育阶段的视觉钥匙，以便人们可以在显微镜下识别它们，并将通过互联网提供。作为项目的一部分，pi将招募四名本科生在激烈的冬季采样期间与他们一起工作。这些实习将被设计成具有教育性和变革性。学生将从俄勒冈大学海洋生物学专业，特别是那些攻读荣誉学位的学生，以及当地大专的海洋生物学学生中招募。这项研究需要多样化的工作，在复杂的、现实世界的科学调查中提供优秀的训练。此外，pi将指导学生进行自己设计的独立研究项目，并参加每周一次的研讨会，该研讨会将涵盖研究的科学背景，研究方案，科学伦理，科学方法以及如何设计和执行科学研究。学生们将在西方自然主义者协会的年会上以海报的形式展示他们的独立项目。

The study will address four questions concerning invertebrate spawning on the US West Coast: 1) Which nearshore benthic invertebrates spawn during winter? 2) What conditions are associated with spawning events? (Preliminary data lead the PIs to predict that most spawning will occur during periods of large waves and coastal downwelling.) 3) What is the pattern of dispersal of these winter-spawned larvae in the coastal ocean? 4) How do variations in ocean conditions during pelagic development affect delivery of larvae to the shore?Water will be sampled daily from the seawater intake for the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology marine laboratory in Coos Bay, OR. Water is pumped at high tide when the intake samples coastal ocean water. Early larval stages will be identified by genetic barcoding and a visual ID key will be developed from individuals raised in the lab. Time series analysis will be used to test for the effects of oceanographic parameters (e.g., temperature, salinity, Chl-a, wind stress, and wave data) on spawning events indicated by the sudden appearance of zygotes or embryos. Following a spawning event, oceanographic cruises in the coastal ocean will follow the dispersal and pelagic development of the larvae and relate their distribution to coastal hydrodynamics. Using daily samples from the seawater system and settlement collectors at intertidal sample sites, the PIs will monitor the abundance of late stage larvae in the near-shore and settlement in the intertidal zone. These time series will be compared to hydrographic parameters to identify conditions favoring the maintenance of larvae in the waters adjacent to the coast and the delivery of larvae to the shore.Broader Impacts: Larvae will be identified using genetics. The PIs will develop a visual key to the developmental stages of these larvae so that one can identify them under the microscope, and the key will be made available through the internet. As part of their project, the PIs will recruit four undergraduates to work with them during the intense winter sampling period. These internships will be designed to be educational and transformative. Students will be recruited from among University of Oregon Marine Biology majors, particularly those working toward an honors degree, and from marine biology students at the local junior college. The study requires a diversity of work providing excellent training in a complex, real-world scientific investigation. In addition, the PIs will mentor students as they pursue an independent study project of their own design and participate in a weekly seminar, which will cover the scientific background of the study, research protocols, ethics in science, the scientific method, and how to design and execute a scientific study. Students will present their independent projects as posters at the annual meeting of the Western Society of Naturalists.