The role of behavior in the establishment of novel traits

行为在建立新特征中的作用

• 批准号: 1261575
• 负责人: Marlene Zuk
• 金额: $ 27.79万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1261575&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: role; behavior; establishment; novel; traits

The Pacific field cricket has been introduced to Hawaii, where it is subject to a parasitoid fly that finds its host by listening to the calling song of the male crickets and depositing larvae that burrow inside the cricket and eventually kill it. This puts the cricket in a dilemma, because calling is his means to attract a mate, but also places him in danger. In some Hawaiian populations, 50-90% of the male crickets now have a mutated wing that lacks the apparatus necessary for calling. They are thus unable to call, which protects them from the fly, but they then face challenges attracting a mate. This project examines the consequences of such extraordinarily rapid evolution (the change occurred over 16-20 generations) for the mating behavior of the crickets. The hypothesis for the ability of this novel mutation to become established is that pre-existing behavioral plasticity has enabled the silent crickets to achieve reproductive success. The mutation and its effects will be monitored in the field, and laboratory experiments will examine how early experience with the acoustic environment influences mating behavior. During presentations to university students and the public this research provides a compelling introduction to many topics in evolutionary biology and animal behavior because it features familiar animals ? crickets ? in an attractive place ? Hawaii ? evading an unpleasant ?Alien?-like parasite via natural selection, which then places the males in a dilemma with regard to reproduction.

太平洋蟋蟀已经被引入到夏威夷，在那里，它受到一种寄生蝇的影响，这种寄生蝇通过倾听雄性蟋蟀的叫声来寻找宿主，并将幼虫放入蟋蟀体内，最终杀死蟋蟀。这使蟋蟀陷入了两难境地，因为叫声是他吸引配偶的手段，但也使他处于危险之中。 在一些夏威夷种群中，50-90%的雄性蟋蟀现在有一个突变的翅膀，缺乏必要的器官来呼叫。 因此，它们无法呼叫，这可以保护它们免受苍蝇的侵害，但它们随后面临吸引伴侣的挑战。 该项目研究了这种异常快速的进化（这种变化发生在16-20代之间）对蟋蟀交配行为的影响。 这种新的突变能够建立的假设是，预先存在的行为可塑性使沉默的蟋蟀能够获得繁殖成功。 突变及其影响将在现场监测，实验室实验将研究早期的声学环境经验如何影响交配行为。 在对大学生和公众的演讲中，这项研究为进化生物学和动物行为的许多主题提供了令人信服的介绍，因为它以熟悉的动物为特色？蟋蟀？在一个有吸引力的地方？夏威夷？逃避不愉快的？外星人？就像寄生虫一样，通过自然选择，这使得雄性在繁殖方面陷入困境。