CNH-Ex: Ecology, Culture, and Outcomes: Linking Human Perceptions and Socio-Ecological Thresholds for Ecosystem Restoration (ECO-Link)

有效的生态系统管理需要一种综合研究方法来确定人类与自然系统之间的联系。为了填补这一空白，ECO-Link正在评估影响管理入侵的北美海狸和恢复南美南部河岸森林的努力的社会和生态门槛和反馈-S火地岛。我们假设，目前地方缺乏对生态系统管理倡议的参与是受到破碎的激励结构的影响，这些结构没有考虑到关于生态系统服务提供的基本信念与其对社会福祉的影响之间的反馈。在环境管理中，通过明确地将这些基本信念和影响整合到有效激励计划的设计中，可以克服将不作为与行动分开的门槛。我们将使用一套方法来验证我们的假设：i)研究土地所有者和其他利益相关者对自然的感知和信念，以及促进或限制决策和行动的过程和影响；ii)检查激励计划的可能性，以改善对生态系统管理的参与；iii)量化相关的生态系统服务在控制河狸和重新造林努力前后的情况；以及iv)在智利和阿根廷的不同土地保有权下，整合了大片土地上的感知、激励和生态系统服务。北美海狸于1946年被引入火地岛群岛，是自上一次冰川消退以来巴塔哥尼亚南部森林最大的景观水平变化。海狸的扩张已经导致大范围的森林砍伐和整个河流生态系统的水文变化，自2006年以来，智利、阿根廷和美国的机构一直在合作应对这一问题。然而，显然，阻止这种生态破坏的蔓延和恢复流域将需要一项涉及私人和公共土地所有者的大规模综合管理计划。正在考虑制定激励计划，明确鼓励私人土地所有者改变行为，以实现积极的环境结果。在阿根廷和智利共有的火地岛，了解当地土地所有者对入侵物种和生态系统服务之间联系的看法，对于设计一个有效的计划，促进跨国际机构边界的参与和环境管理至关重要。通过专注于生态、文化和管理行动结果之间的重要研究问题，ECO-Link在恢复和保护南美洲巴塔哥尼亚南部森林的努力中发挥着重要作用--巴塔哥尼亚森林是世界上最珍贵的荒野地区之一。

Effective ecosystem management requires an integrated research approach to determine the links between human and natural systems. To fill this gap, ECO-Link is assessing the social and ecological thresholds and feedbacks that influence efforts to manage the invasive North American beaver and restore riparian forests in southern South America?s Tierra del Fuego Archipelago. We hypothesize that a current lack of local participation in ecosystem management initiatives is influenced by broken incentive structures that do not account for feedbacks between the underlying beliefs about ecosystem service delivery and their impacts on social well-being. The thresholds that separate inaction from action in environmental stewardship can be overcome by explicitly integrating these underlying beliefs and impacts into to the design of effective incentive programs. We will use a suite of approaches to test our hypothesis by i) studying the perceptions and beliefs of nature held by landowners and other stakeholders, as well as the processes and influences that facilitate or constrain decision-making and action; ii) examining the potential for incentive programs to improve participation in ecosystem management; iii) quantifying associated ecosystem services before and after beaver control and reforestation efforts; and iv) integrating perceptions, incentives, and ecosystem services across a large landscape under various land tenures in Chile and Argentina.Introduced to the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago in 1946, the North American beaver is responsible for the largest landscape-level change to these southern Patagonian forests since the retreat of the last glaciation. The beaver's expansion has caused widespread deforestation and hydrological changes to entire river ecosystems, and since 2006, Chilean, Argentine and U.S. institutions have been collaborating to confront the issue. It is clear, however, that halting the spread of this ecological damage and restoring watersheds will require a large-scale, integrated management plan involving private and public landowners. Incentive programs are being considered to explicitly encourage behavioral changes in private landowners with the goal of positive environmental outcomes. In Tierra del Fuego, which is shared between Argentina and Chile, understanding local landowners' perceptions of the links between invasive species and ecosystem services is critical to designing an effective program that promotes participation and environmental stewardship across international institutional boundaries. By focusing on important research questions at the nexus of ecology, culture, and outcomes of management actions, ECO-Link is playing an important role in efforts to restore and protect the southern Patagonian forests of South America?one of the world's most cherished wilderness areas.