Collaborative Research: Uneven Economic Geographies from Recession to Recovery

合作研究：从衰退到复苏的不平衡经济地理

• 批准号: 1262818
• 负责人: Virginia Parks
• 金额: $ 12.84万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1262818&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Uneven; Economic; Geographies

This project is about the impacts of the Great Recession that began with the 2008 financial crisis and its recovery on workers across different metropolitan labor markets in the U.S. as impact of the recession were not uniform across places or people. Some places fared better than others, and some workers fared better than others and this project investigates why. Skill-biased explanations of employment inequality emphasize education as the primary reason that employment outcomes differ among individual workers, but evidence also reveals that the institutional characteristics of metropolitan labor markets influence individual employment and wage outcomes. In particular, institutional explanations of labor market inequality emphasize local social and political factors that influence conditions of work and employment, such as unionization, size of the public sector, and employment policies (e.g., minimum wage laws). This project investigates if and how local economic and institutional factors, such as the economic mix of a regional economy, changes in public sector employment, levels of unionization, and employment policies, shaped differential trajectories of decline, rebound, and resiliency for both places and individual workers during and after the Great Recession. The project will also examine changing patterns of inequality among workers in the same labor markets before and after the recession. In particular, the PIs will examine if greater levels of inequality accompanied recovery and how inequality was influenced by local institutional factors. This analysis will help establish a more comprehensive picture of recovery as well as identify new patterns of inequality that may be emerging between places and among workers. Methodologically, the use of mapping tools, distributional statistical methods, and publicly available census data will help identify how the characteristics of metropolitan labor markets and individual workers influence employment, wages, and wage inequality. The project focuses on these effects especially among more disadvantaged workers, such as African Americans, immigrants, and less-educated individuals.The research will contribute to the training of students, both at the doctoral level in geography and at the master's level in social work. Concerted efforts will be made to recruit student researchers from underrepresented groups. In addition to research dissemination in geography and social science journals, the project will generate two reports focused on the analysis of employment trends in Chicago and Los Angeles that will be disseminated to local community-based organizations. A project website will be developed to house digital maps, disseminate findings, and make available classroom exercises developed from the research and data. The results of the research will identify local institutional practices and policies that moderate or intensify the negative effects of economic transformation on particular segments of the workforce. These findings are relevant to policy makers and voters engaged in policy debates about economic and employment inequality.This project is being co-funded with the Sociology program.

这个项目是关于2008年金融危机开始的大衰退的影响及其对美国不同大都市劳动力市场工人的复苏，因为经济衰退的影响在不同地区或人群中并不一致。 有些地方比其他地方做得更好，有些工人比其他人做得更好，这个项目调查了原因。 对就业不平等的技能偏见解释强调教育是个体工人就业结果不同的主要原因，但证据也表明，大都市劳动力市场的制度特征影响个人就业和工资结果。 特别是，对劳动力市场不平等的制度解释强调影响工作和就业条件的当地社会和政治因素，如工会组织、公共部门的规模和就业政策（例如，最低工资法）。 该项目调查了当地经济和制度因素，如区域经济的经济组合，公共部门就业的变化，工会化水平和就业政策，是否以及如何在大衰退期间和之后塑造了两个地方和个人工人的下降，反弹和弹性的差异轨迹。该项目还将研究经济衰退前后同一劳动力市场中工人之间不平等的变化模式。 特别是，PI将研究更大程度的不平等是否伴随着复苏，以及不平等如何受到当地体制因素的影响。 这一分析将有助于更全面地了解复苏情况，并确定不同地区之间和工人之间可能出现的新的不平等模式。 在方法上，使用绘图工具，分布统计方法和公开的人口普查数据将有助于确定大都市劳动力市场和个体工人的特征如何影响就业，工资和工资不平等。 该项目侧重于这些影响，特别是在较弱势的工人，如非洲裔美国人，移民，和教育程度较低的个人，该研究将有助于培养学生，无论是在博士水平的地理和硕士水平的社会工作。 将作出协调一致的努力，从代表性不足的群体中征聘学生研究人员。 除了在地理和社会科学期刊上传播研究成果外，该项目还将编写两份报告，重点分析芝加哥和洛杉矶的就业趋势，并将分发给当地社区组织。 将开发一个项目网站，以存放数字地图，传播研究结果，并提供根据研究和数据开发的课堂练习。研究结果将确定减轻或加剧经济转型对特定劳动力群体的负面影响的地方体制做法和政策。 这些发现与参与经济和就业不平等政策辩论的决策者和选民有关。