Local Labor Market Effects on Immigrant and Black Employment Outcomes

当地劳动力市场对移民和黑人就业结果的影响

• 批准号: 0525667
• 负责人: Virginia Parks
• 金额: $ 6.51万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0525667&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Local; Labor; Market; Effects; Immigrant

Dramatic forces of urban change during the last several decades have given rise to new patterns of racial and ethnic inequality. Shifts in the economy such as the expanding service sector and population changes associated with immigration have engendered a polarized labor market sharply ordered by race, place of birth, and gender. However, not all American cities have experienced economic restructuring in the same way, nor have they experienced the same demographic trends. Local labor market institutions differ across cities as well. This research will document and explain patterns of geographic difference in immigrant and native-born Black employment outcomes through an exploration of the effects of economic restructuring (such as a shift from manufacturing to services), demographic change (such as the growing immigrant population), and local labor market institutions (such as policy regulation and unionization). Comparisons will be made across large U.S. cities in order to identify and explain patterns of local difference in racial and ethnic employment outcomes. In addition, this research incorporates information about individual workers and groups in order to adjudicate between the effects of labor market structure and individual and group characteristics in an explanation of differential employment outcomes. Specifically, the research tests the degree to which ethnic resources, such as social capital, provide some workers with advantages in the low-wage labor market and whether the success of these ethnic resources may depend upon local labor market conditions. Methodologically, this research engages a comparative analysis of multiple U.S. metropolitan areas using 1990 and 2000 Census Public-Use Microdata Samples and statistical techniques including hierarchical modeling.Through its examination of local labor market structure on the employment of immigrants and native-born minorities, this project will explain geographic differences in patterns of racial and ethnic inequality and the mechanisms-individual and structural-that generate and sustain this inequality. This project will contribute an explicit geographic perspective to debates regarding the socio-economic impacts of globalization within the U.S. by revealing how processes linked to globalization, such as economic and demographic restructuring, generate change in the low-wage labor market and how these changes differ across U.S. cities for different groups. This project's findings could contribute to policy discussions addressing racial inequality in employment, particularly in the realms of economic and workforce development.

过去几十年里城市变革的巨大力量引发了种族和民族不平等的新模式。 服务业的扩张以及与移民相关的人口变化等经济变化，造成了劳动力市场按种族、出生地和性别严重分化。 然而，并非所有美国城市都经历了相同的经济结构调整，也没有经历相同的人口趋势。 不同城市的当地劳动力市场机构也有所不同。 本研究将通过探索经济结构调整（例如从制造业转向服务业）、人口变化（例如不断增长的移民人口）和当地劳动力市场机构（例如政策监管和工会化）的影响，记录并解释移民和本土出生的黑人就业结果的地理差异模式。 我们将对美国大城市进行比较，以确定并解释当地种族和民族就业结果差异的模式。 此外，本研究纳入了有关个体工人和群体的信息，以便在解释就业结果差异时判断劳动力市场结构以及个人和群体特征的影响。 具体来说，该研究检验了社会资本等民族资源在多大程度上为某些工人在低工资劳动力市场提供了优势，以及这些民族资源的成功是否可能取决于当地劳动力市场条件。 在方法论上，本研究利用 1990 年和 2000 年人口普查公共微观数据样本和包括分层模型在内的统计技术对多个美国大都市区进行了比较分析。通过对移民和本土少数族裔就业的当地劳动力市场结构的考察，该项目将解释种族和民族不平等模式的地理差异以及产生和维持这种不平等的机制（个人和结构）。 不平等。 该项目将为有关美国境内全球化社会经济影响的辩论提供明确的地理视角，揭示与全球化相关的进程（例如经济和人口重组）如何导致低工资劳动力市场发生变化，以及这些变化在美国城市中对不同群体有何不同。 该项目的研究结果可能有助于解决就业中种族不平等问题的政策讨论，特别是在经济和劳动力发展领域。