Ecological Conflicts and the Social Dimensions of Dam Removal

生态冲突和拆除大坝的社会影响

• 批准号: 1263519
• 负责人: Christopher Sneddon
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1263519&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; Conflicts; Social; Dimensions; Dam

This project examines environmental conflicts surrounding proposed and completed cases of dam removal in the northeastern United States, focusing in particular on the social dimensions of these conflicts. Over the past several decades more than 900 mostly small dams in the United States have been removed due to increasing public concern over the safety of aging dams, an unwillingness to invest scarce resources in infrastructure repair, and a growing interest in restoring degraded ecosystems. Despite a decade's worth of research on the legal, social, economic and cultural dimensions of dam removal, there remains a vital need for comprehensive research on the multiple facets of the dam removal process, particularly in cases that generate conflicts among state agencies, environmental advocacy groups and local communities. The research asks the following questions. What are the biophysical and social characteristics of locations targeted for dam removal? What are the key technical, economic and environmental rationales driving dam removal processes? How do scientific knowledge and cultural values shape the dam removal process and generate conflicts? Considering debates on the origins of environmental conflicts and the way in which landscapes reflect cultural attitudes, the research sheds light on the shifting character of environmental politics in the United States as revealed through contestation over dam removal. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, including geographic information system (GIS) technologies and semi-structured interviews, to analyze more than 100 dam removals in New England, creating a regional assessment that analyzes both the environmental and social dimensions of the removal process. The investigators anticipate that stakeholders, including government agencies, environmental groups, and community organizations, will use the results of this research to advance ongoing studies on watershed restoration and encourage more informed national dialogues on dam removal and ecological restoration. This project will offer significant training and research opportunities for Dartmouth undergraduate students (particularly those participating in the Women in Science Program) in combined qualitative-quantitative methodologies. The collaborative team of physical, geospatial, and social scientists will serve as an important template for future inter- and intra-disciplinary studies in geography and spatial sciences.

该项目研究了美国东北部大坝拆除的环境冲突，特别关注这些冲突的社会层面。 在过去的几十年里，美国有900多座水坝被拆除，其中大部分是小型水坝，原因是公众越来越担心老化水坝的安全性，不愿意将稀缺的资源投入基础设施维修，以及对恢复退化生态系统的兴趣越来越大。 尽管对拆坝的法律的、社会、经济和文化方面进行了十年的研究，但仍然迫切需要对拆坝过程的多个方面进行全面研究，特别是在国家机构、环境倡导团体和当地社区之间产生冲突的情况下。 研究提出了以下问题。 大坝拆除目标地点的生物物理和社会特征是什么？ 推动拆坝过程的关键技术、经济和环境理由是什么？ 科学知识和文化价值观如何塑造大坝拆除过程并产生冲突？ 考虑到对环境冲突的起源和景观反映文化态度的方式的争论，这项研究揭示了美国环境政治的转变特征，这一特征通过对大坝拆除的抗议而揭示出来。 本研究采用定量和定性的技术，包括地理信息系统（GIS）技术和半结构化访谈，分析超过100大坝拆除在新英格兰，创建一个区域评估，分析环境和社会层面的拆除过程。 研究人员预计，包括政府机构、环保团体和社区组织在内的利益相关者将利用这项研究的结果来推进正在进行的流域恢复研究，并鼓励就大坝拆除和生态恢复进行更知情的全国对话。 该项目将为达特茅斯的本科生（特别是那些参与科学计划的妇女）提供重要的培训和研究机会，结合定性和定量方法。 物理，地理空间和社会科学家的合作团队将成为未来地理和空间科学跨学科和学科内研究的重要模板。