The Crusader Town of Apollonia/Arsur in Israel. Structures - Cultural Adaption - Town-Hinterland Relations

图宾根大学和特拉维夫大学的联合挖掘项目始于2012年，重点是对十字军城市阿波罗尼亚/阿尔苏尔进行考古调查，该项目将继续进行两年。由于之前的工作，在一年半的时间内和迄今为止的两次挖掘活动中进行，有可能产生重要的研究成果。这些结果表明，成功实施了用于调查城市及其腹地的方法，以及项目合作伙伴的成功合作。所取得的成果引发了新的研究问题，这些问题应在项目继续进行的过程中加以澄清。一个令人惊讶的丰富的原始材料导致详细的见解的结构和发展的城市和它的沼泽地。考虑到对十字军城市的地形和内部结构及其与先前定居点的关系的分析，应通过地质雷达对经先前调查证明具有关键作用的特定区域进行勘探。这些地区将通过根据地球物理调查结果设置的小战壕进行彻底调查。到目前为止挖掘的区域也将扩大。因此，相关的地段，建筑特征的顺序，所遇到的建筑物的功能及其在城市内部地形的整合可以进一步评估.到目前为止，在DFG项目的挖掘过程中发现的陶瓷碎片和小发现，不应仅根据其年龄测定进行评估。对这些数据的透彻分析还将提供有关社会地形、贸易关系（包括通过科学程序）以及文化适应的信息。为了提供一个更广泛的基础，从城市的不同地区进行比较，以前的挖掘发现也将包括在分析中。在城市的发展方面，作为前阿尔苏尔领主的一部分，大量的findspots已经可以收集，并在目前的研究期间进入数据库。在许多情况下，这些遗址必须通过查阅早期挖掘的文件，对其确切功能进行进一步调查。在看到所有现有的旧发现之后，还需要进一步的调查来对其进行准确的年代和功能分类。在资助项目期间迄今为止所进行的调查，有理由期待有可能首次回答关于十字军时期城市和腹地发展的公开问题。此外，与以色列合作伙伴的合作将促使以色列持久加强中世纪考古学和相关方法的使用。

The joint excavation project of the Universities of Tübingen and Tel Aviv, which began in the year 2012 and was focused on the archaeological investigation of the crusader city of Apollonia/Arsur, shall be continued for another two years. Due to the prior work, carried out within a period of 1.5 years and during two excavation campaigns thus far, it was possible to generate important research results. These results demonstrate the successful implementation of the methods used to investigate the city and its hinterland, as well as the successful cooperation of the project partners. The obtained results prompted new research questions, which should be clarified in the course of a continuation of the project. A surprisingly abundant body of source material led to detailed insights into the structure and development of the city and its hinterland.1. In consideration of the analyses of the topography and the inner structure of the crusader city and its relations to the prior settlement, specifically selected areas - which by prior investigations have been proven to hold a key role - shall be prospected by means of geo-radar. These areas will be thoroughly investigated through small trenches, set in accordance with the results of the geo-physical survey.2. The areas excavated up to this point will be extended as well. Thus, related lots, the sequence of building features, the function of the encountered buildings and their integration in the inner topography of the city can be further assessed.3. The ceramic sherds and small finds, which have been retrieved during the excavations of the DFG-project thus far, should not only be evaluated in terms of their age determination. Their thorough analysis will also provide information about social topography, about trade relationships - including through scientific procedures - as well as about cultural adaptation. In order to provide a broader basis for comparison from different areas of the city, the finds of previous excavations will also be included in the analysis.4. In terms of the city's development as part of the former lordship of Arsur, a large number of findspots could already be gathered and entered into a data base during the present research period. In many cases these sites have to be further investigated, in terms of their exact function, through the consult of the documentation of earlier excavations. After the sighting of all available old findings, further surveys will also be necessary for the exact chronological and functional classification of them.The investigations that have been carried out so far during the funded project period, give reason to expect that it will be possible to answer open questions for the first time about the development of a city and the hinterland during the crusader period. Furthermore, the cooperation with the Israeli partners will induce a lasting reinforcement of the use of medieval archaeology and the associated methods in Israel.