Optical Spectroscopy and Control of Many-Body Dynamics in Semiconductors in High Magnetic Fields

* 技术摘要 * 该项目将在高磁场中使用超快光谱法探测和控制三种原型低维半导体-量子威尔斯、石墨烯和碳纳米管中的非平衡多体动力学。 将利用位于佛罗里达塔拉哈西的国家高磁场实验室（NHMFL）的光学设施，以及莱斯大学PI实验室新实施的微型线圈脉冲磁体系统。 在磁场中的各种超快光学和显微光谱技术将被用来提供新的洞察力的状态和相互作用和约束的电子在固体中的动力学。澄清和回答上述问题不仅将促进我们对固体中载体相互作用的理解，而且还为利用多体效应的新设备开辟了可能性。 该项目将培养本科生和研究生的尖端技术，以产生下一代的专家在光学光谱学，凝聚态物理学和nanoscienec。 此外，通过与美国国家科学基金会国际研究和教育资助PI的合作伙伴关系的独特联系，该项目将为NanoJapan的校友提供机会：本科生夏季纳米技术研究计划通过在NHMFL的暑期实习进一步丰富他们的研究经验。非技术摘要 * 现代晶体生长和纳米纤维技术允许人们创建具有定制特性的人造纳米结构。 这些结构提供了一个理想的实验室，在其中以高度可控的方式研究基本物理问题。 本计画将探讨三种典型奈米结构：半导体量子威尔斯井、石墨烯及碳奈米管中，个别电子如何彼此沟通及合作。 将使用短而强的激光脉冲与强磁场相结合;强磁场提供了一个方便的旋钮，通过电子轨道和自旋运动的磁量子化来控制电子动力学。 将利用位于佛罗里达塔拉哈西的国家高磁场实验室（NHMFL）的设施以及莱斯大学PI实验室的脉冲高场磁体系统。 要解决的具体问题包括：i）独立的电子-空穴对如何发展宏观相干性？（2）在二维电子气的量子相干动力学中，集体性质是如何表现出来的？以及iii）在量子简并密度下，一维激子有多稳定？解决这些问题不仅将促进我们对固体中载流子相互作用的理解，而且还将为利用多体效应的新器件开辟可能性。 我们还将培养本科生和研究生的尖端技术，以产生下一代的专家在光学光谱学，凝聚态物理学和纳米科学。

****Technical Abstract****This project will probe and control non-equilibrium many-body dynamics in three prototypical low-dimensional semiconductors - quantum wells, graphene, and carbon nanotubes - using ultrafast optical spectroscopy in high magnetic fields. The optics facilities at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Tallahassee, Florida, as well as the newly implemented mini-coil pulsed magnet system in the PI's laboratory at Rice University will be utilized. Various ultrafast optical and microspectroscopy techniques in magnetic fields will be employed to provide new insight into the states and dynamics of interacting and confined electrons in solids. Clarifying and answering the above-stated issues and questions will not only advance our understanding of carrier interactions in solids but also open up possibilities for new devices utilizing many-body effects. This project will train undergraduate and graduate students in cutting-edge techniques to produce the next generation of experts in optical spectroscopy, condensed matter physics, and nanoscienec. Furthermore, through the unique linkage with the PI's Partnerships for International Research and Education grant from the NSF, this project will provide an opportunity for alumni of the NanoJapan: Summer Nanotechnology Research Program for Undergraduates to further their research experience with a summer internship at the NHMFL.****Non-Technical Abstract****Modern crystal growth and nanofabrication technologies allow one to create artificial nanostructures with tailored properties. These structures provide an ideal laboratory in which to study fundamental physics problems in a highly controllable manner. This project will investigate how individual electrons communicate with each other and behave cooperatively in three prototypical nanostructures: semiconductor quantum wells, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. Short and intense laser pulses combined with high magnetic fields will be used; a high magnetic field provides a convenient knob for controlling electron dynamics through the magnetic quantization of the orbital and spin motions of electrons. Facilities at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Tallahassee, Florida, as well as a pulsed high-field magnet system in the PI's laboratory at Rice University will be utilized. Specific questions to be addressed include: i) How do independent electron-hole pairs develop macroscopic coherence?; ii) How does a collective nature manifest itself in the quantum coherent dynamics of a two-dimensional electron gas?; and iii) How stable are one-dimensional excitons at quantum degenerate densities? Answering these questions will not only advance our understanding of carrier interactions in solids but also open up possibilities for new devices utilizing many-body effects. We will also train undergraduate and graduate students in cutting-edge techniques to produce the next generation of experts in optical spectroscopy, condensed matter physics, and nanoscience.