DISSERTATION RESEARCH: A genomic approach to understanding allopatric differentiation in tropical montane birds

论文研究：了解热带山地鸟类异域分化的基因组方法

• 批准号: 1311449
• 负责人: John Bates
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; genomic; approach; understanding

The formation of new species (speciation) is generally thought to begin with geographic isolation of populations. When different populations of a single species are isolated by geographic barriers, they are likely to evolve differences. If the differences accrued in isolation are substantial, these populations will be considered different species. However, the processes that control the initial stage of speciation, the differentiation of geographically isolated populations, are poorly understood. This proposal investigates the factors that control differentiation of populations in geographic isolation. In particular, it examines the roles that time spent in geographic isolation, and the degree of geographic isolation experienced through time, play in determining levels of population differentiation. This proposal uses bird species found in the cloud forest of the Andes as a model system for hypothesis testing, as many populations in this region show variable levels of differentiation across geographic barriers. Recently developed genetic techniques will be used to infer levels of genetic differentiation, and museum specimens of Andean birds will enable measurement of differentiation in plumage and morphology among populations.Understanding the causes of different amounts of divergence from geographically isolated species will help illuminate the processes involved in the initial phase of speciation for a large portion of earth?s biodiversity. This project includes training of Peruvian scientists and mentorship of local Chicago area high school students and undergraduates in laboratory methods. This project also will involve public educational outreach on genetic and evolutionary research at the DNA Discovery Center at the Field Museum in Chicago.

新物种的形成（物种形成）通常被认为是从种群的地理隔离开始的。当同一物种的不同种群被地理屏障隔离时，它们很可能进化出差异。如果在隔离中积累的差异很大，这些种群将被视为不同的物种。然而，控制物种形成初始阶段的过程，即地理上孤立的种群的分化，却知之甚少。本文研究了地理隔离条件下控制种群分化的因素。特别是，它审查了地理隔离的时间和地理隔离的程度在确定人口分化水平方面所起的作用。该提案使用在安第斯山脉云雾森林中发现的鸟类作为假设检验的模型系统，因为该地区的许多种群表现出跨越地理障碍的不同程度的分化。最近开发的遗传技术将用于推断遗传分化水平，安第斯鸟类的博物馆标本将能够测量种群之间羽毛和形态的分化。了解地理上孤立的物种产生不同数量差异的原因，将有助于阐明地球上大部分物种形成初期的过程。生物多样性。该项目包括对秘鲁科学家的培训，以及对芝加哥当地高中生和本科生的实验室方法指导。该项目还将包括在芝加哥菲尔德博物馆的DNA发现中心进行遗传和进化研究的公共教育推广。