Early Robotic Spectra of Supernovae with FLOYDS

这项提议将利用天文学中从未有过的能力：一对专门用于研究超新星的2米望远镜上的机器人光谱仪，能够在发现后的几分钟到几小时内定期观察目标。超新星的发现和光谱分型之间的平均滞后时间是一周到10天，这使得它们的早期行为在很大程度上是一个谜。 FLOYDS将把这种滞后减少一个数量级，并使目前一些对超新星祖先的外来探测成为常规。 核心工作是（1）确定在过去一周内未被发现的每一颗新超新星的即时光谱类型和红移，（2）每隔几天获得最有趣的150个（100个超新星Ia/50个核心坍缩）目标的子集的超新星的高信噪比光谱。 有了这些数据，我们将在统计上限制Ia超新星的起源通道，但研究未燃烧的物质，研究核心坍缩超新星中的激波爆发，并将目标锁定在起源未知的微弱快速瞬变。整个超新星社区将受益于这一提议，因为所有在一周内未被探测到的超新星将在一两天内被分类，红移和类型将立即公布给公众。 这将允许更早的光变曲线，光谱，以及从X射线到IR的后续工作。大多数光谱将在一年后公布，但一些数据将立即公布。 我们将向我们的学校计划宣传更上镜的超新星，以鼓励学生使用LCOGT网络（提供真实的科学数据）拍摄超新星图像，我们将通过LCOGT.net的在线教科书SpaceBook提供相关课程和教科书材料。 LCOGT软件以及望远镜和仪器计划将公布于众。

This proposal will exploit a capability never before available in astronomy: a pair of robotic spectrographs on 2m telescopes specifically designed to study supernovae, capable of routinely observing targets within minutes to hours of discovery. The average lag between discovery and spectroscopic typing for supernovae is a week to 10 days, making their early behavior largely a mystery. FLOYDS will reduce this lag by an order of magnitude and make some currently exotic probes of supernova progenitors routine. The core effort is to (1) determine an immediate spectroscopic type and redshift of every new supernova discovered with a nondetection within the past week, and (2) obtain high signal-to-noise spectra of supernovae every few days for a subset of the most interesting 150 (100 SNe Ia / 50 core-collapse) targets. With this data we will statistically limit the progenitor channels of SNe Ia but studying unburned material, study shock breakout in core-collapse supernovae, and target faint-fast transients whose origin remains unknown.The entire supernova community will benefit from this proposal, as all supernovae with a nondetection within a week will be typed within a day or two, and the redshifts and types will be announced immediately for public SNe. This will allow earlier lightcurves, spectra, and follow-up from the X-ray to the IR. Most spectra will be made public after one year, but some data will be made public immediately. We will advertise the more photogenic supernovae to our schools program to encourage students to image the supernovae with the LCOGT network (providing real science data), and we will provide associated curricula and textbook materials through SpaceBook, the online textbook at LCOGT.net. LCOGT software and telescope and instrument plans will be made public.