Action's Effect on Perception

打得好的运动员描述了空间感知的扭曲：篮球圈看起来和呼啦圈一样大，高尔夫球洞和人孔一样大，棒球和葡萄柚一样大。这些主观的轶事效应已经在实验中被证实为心理现实。然而，它们并没有被当前的感知理论所解释，这些理论认为光线索和有限的认知知识是感知的信息。在这些理论中，表现被认为影响产生反应的后感知过程，而不是影响感知本身。这一提议的目的是确定当玩得好时，更大的目标的体验是否反映了感知或后感知效应，并描述行动最可能或最不可能影响感知的条件。行动相关因素，如表现，影响感知对我们理解感知过程具有重要意义。特别是，它需要一种功能性的方法，在这种方法中，感知提供有利于规划行动的信息。最终可以开发出策略来利用或补偿个人体验环境的差异。这样的策略可以提高熟练的表现，加强康复策略，并鼓励久坐不动的人更积极的行为。例如，如果一个目标更接近，一个老年人或肥胖的成年人可能更愿意走路，从而促进更健康的生活方式。

Athletes playing well describe distortions in spatial perception: basketball hoops appear as large as hula-hoops, golf holes as big as manholes, and baseballs as big as grapefruits. These subjective, anecdotal effects have been confirmed in experiments as psychological reality. However, they are not accounted for by current theories of perception, which consider optical cues and limited cognitive knowledge as the information for perception. In those theories, performance is thought to affect a post-perceptual process that generates the response rather than affecting perception itself. The aim of this proposal is to determine whether the experience of a larger target when playing well reflects a perceptual or a post-perceptual effect and to characterize the conditions under which action is most or least likely to influence perception. Action-related factors, such as performance, influencing perception has important implications for our understanding of the perceptual process. In particular, it requires a functional approach in which perception provides information that is beneficial for planning actions. Strategies could eventually be developed to exploit or compensate for differences in how individuals experience their environments. Such strategies could elevate skilled performance, enhance rehabilitative strategies, and encourage more active behaviors in sedentary individuals. For example, if a goal is experienced as closer, an elderly or obese adult might be more willing to walk, thereby promoting a healthier lifestyle.