Action's Effect on Perception

打得好的运动员描述了空间感知的扭曲：篮球圈看起来像呼啦圈一样大，高尔夫球洞看起来像检修孔一样大，棒球看起来像葡萄柚一样大。这些主观的、轶事般的影响在实验中被证实为心理现实。然而，目前的知觉理论认为视觉线索和有限的认知知识是知觉的信息，并不能解释它们。在这些理论中，表现被认为影响产生反应的后知觉过程，而不是影响知觉本身。这项建议的目的是确定一个较大的目标在打得好的时候的经历是反映了知觉还是后知觉的效果，并描述了在什么情况下行动最有可能或最不可能影响知觉。行为相关因素，如表现，影响知觉，对于我们理解知觉过程具有重要的意义。特别是，它需要一种功能性的方法，在这种方法中，感知提供了有利于计划行动的信息。最终可以制定策略，利用或补偿个人体验环境的差异。这样的策略可以提升熟练的表现，增强康复策略，并鼓励久坐的个人更积极的行为。例如，如果一个目标被认为距离更近，老年人或肥胖的成年人可能更愿意步行，从而促进更健康的生活方式。

Athletes playing well describe distortions in spatial perception: basketball hoops appear as large as hula-hoops, golf holes as big as manholes, and baseballs as big as grapefruits. These subjective, anecdotal effects have been confirmed in experiments as psychological reality. However, they are not accounted for by current theories of perception, which consider optical cues and limited cognitive knowledge as the information for perception. In those theories, performance is thought to affect a post-perceptual process that generates the response rather than affecting perception itself. The aim of this proposal is to determine whether the experience of a larger target when playing well reflects a perceptual or a post-perceptual effect and to characterize the conditions under which action is most or least likely to influence perception. Action-related factors, such as performance, influencing perception has important implications for our understanding of the perceptual process. In particular, it requires a functional approach in which perception provides information that is beneficial for planning actions. Strategies could eventually be developed to exploit or compensate for differences in how individuals experience their environments. Such strategies could elevate skilled performance, enhance rehabilitative strategies, and encourage more active behaviors in sedentary individuals. For example, if a goal is experienced as closer, an elderly or obese adult might be more willing to walk, thereby promoting a healthier lifestyle.