NeTS: Small: Towards an Accurate, Geo-Aware, PoP-Level Perspective of the Internet's Inter-AS Connectivity

了解当今互联网互连中超过40，000个主动路由的自治系统（AS）的位置和方式对于有意义地调查广泛的关键互联网相关问题（例如互联网对物理损坏的脆弱性）至关重要。然而，关于因特网拓扑的许多已发表的工作主要集中在发现这种互连的存在（例如，诸如AS到AS链路的逻辑连接性或诸如路由器到路由器链路的物理连接性）。人们很少注意到在何处以及在多少个不同的地点建立了这些相互联系。例如，经常研究的互联网的AS级视图太粗糙，因为将整个AS映射到单个地理位置消除了基本细节（例如AS级路径多样性）。与此同时，互联网的流行路由器级视图不仅过于详细，而且本质上很难捕捉。智力优点：这个项目的主要目标是设计，开发并严格评估技术，以准确绘制所有PoP的地理位置在一个实施例中，该方法包括确定给定目标AS的PoP（存在点），并确定在该AS的每个PoP（存在点）处建立的AS间连接。互联网的物理基础设施（例如路由器、交换机）的很大一部分托管在相对少量的物理建筑群中，称为托管（或科洛）设施或数据中心，其可以精确地进行地理定位。因此，该项目的核心要素是设计新的有针对性的主动测量活动，该活动专门开发用于通过不仅识别存在于该科洛设施中的所有AS的所有PoP，而且识别在该位置处对主动探测可见的相应AS间连接来映射给定的科洛设施。更广泛的影响：推断的PoP级地图被用来开发一个新的和改进的仿真环境，称为cBGP+，这是建立在现有的模拟器（cBGP），但支持现实世界的AS路径多样性。这种新的模拟器将使许多互联网利益相关者（例如ISP，DHS）能够有意义地评估，评估和预测互联网在某些事件或变化（例如，政治动乱或自然或人为灾害的结果）。

Understanding where and how the more than 40,000 actively routed Autonomous Systems (ASes) in today's Internet interconnect is essential for meaningfully investigating a wide range of critical Internet-related problems such as the vulnerability of the Internet to physical damage. However, much of the published work on Internet topology has focused primarily on discovering the existence of such interconnections (e.g., logical connectivity such as AS-to-AS links or physical connectivity such as router-to-router links). Considerably less attention has been paid to the where and in how many different locations these interconnections have been established. For example, the often-studied AS-level view of the Internet is too coarse as mapping entire ASes to single geographic locations eliminates essential details (e.g. AS-level path diversity). At the same time, the popular router-level view of the Internet is not only too detailed, but also inherently difficult to capture.Intellectual Merit: The main goal of this project is to design, develop and rigorously evaluate techniques to accurately map the geographic location of all the PoPs (Point-of-Presence) of a given target AS and determine the inter-AS connections that are established at each PoP (point of presence) of this AS. A significant fraction of the Internet's physical infrastructure (e.g. routers, switches) is hosted at a relatively small number of physical building complexes, called colocation (or colo) facilities or data centers that can be accurately geo-located. Thus, a core element of this project is the design of new targeted active measurement campaigns specifically developed to map a given colo facility by identifying not only all the PoPs of all the ASes present in that colo facility, but also the corresponding inter-AS connectivity that is visible to active probing at that location. Broader Impact: The inferred PoP-level maps are leveraged to develop a new and improved simulation environment, called cBGP+, that is built on the existing simulator (cBGP) but supports real-world AS path diversity. This new simulator will enable many Internet stakeholders (e.g. ISPs, DHS) to meaningfully assess, evaluate, and predict the inter-AS reachability of the Internet in the presence of certain events or changes (e.g., political unrests or the results of natural or man-made disasters).