NeTS: Small: Towards an Accurate, Geo-Aware, PoP-Level Perspective of the Internet's Inter-AS Connectivity

了解当今互联网互连中超过40,000个主动路由自治系统（ase）的位置和方式，对于有意义地调查广泛的关键互联网相关问题（如互联网对物理损坏的脆弱性）至关重要。然而，许多已发表的关于Internet拓扑的工作主要集中在发现这种互连的存在（例如，逻辑连接，如as到as链路或物理连接，如路由器到路由器链路）。对于在哪里以及在多少个不同的地点建立了这些相互联系，人们的关注要少得多。例如，经常研究的Internet as级视图过于粗糙，因为将整个as映射到单个地理位置会消除必要的细节（例如，as级路径多样性）。与此同时，流行的路由器级别的互联网视图不仅过于详细，而且本身就难以捕捉。智力优势：该项目的主要目标是设计、开发和严格评估技术，以准确地绘制给定目标自治系统的所有PoP（存在点）的地理位置，并确定在该自治系统的每个PoP（存在点）上建立的AS内部连接。互联网物理基础设施（如路由器、交换机）的很大一部分托管在数量相对较少的物理建筑综合体上，这些建筑综合体被称为主机托管（colo）设施或可以精确定位的数据中心。因此，该项目的一个核心要素是设计新的有针对性的主动测量活动，专门通过识别该着色设施中存在的所有as的所有持久性有机污染物，以及在该位置进行主动探测可见的相应as间连接来绘制给定着色设施。更广泛的影响：推断的pop级地图被用来开发一个新的和改进的模拟环境，称为cBGP+，它建立在现有的模拟器（cBGP）上，但支持真实世界的AS路径多样性。这个新的模拟器将使许多互联网利益相关者（例如isp，国土安全部）能够在某些事件或变化（例如，政治动荡或自然或人为灾害的结果）的存在下有意义地评估、评估和预测互联网的as间可达性。

Understanding where and how the more than 40,000 actively routed Autonomous Systems (ASes) in today's Internet interconnect is essential for meaningfully investigating a wide range of critical Internet-related problems such as the vulnerability of the Internet to physical damage. However, much of the published work on Internet topology has focused primarily on discovering the existence of such interconnections (e.g., logical connectivity such as AS-to-AS links or physical connectivity such as router-to-router links). Considerably less attention has been paid to the where and in how many different locations these interconnections have been established. For example, the often-studied AS-level view of the Internet is too coarse as mapping entire ASes to single geographic locations eliminates essential details (e.g. AS-level path diversity). At the same time, the popular router-level view of the Internet is not only too detailed, but also inherently difficult to capture.Intellectual Merit: The main goal of this project is to design, develop and rigorously evaluate techniques to accurately map the geographic location of all the PoPs (Point-of-Presence) of a given target AS and determine the inter-AS connections that are established at each PoP (point of presence) of this AS. A significant fraction of the Internet's physical infrastructure (e.g. routers, switches) is hosted at a relatively small number of physical building complexes, called colocation (or colo) facilities or data centers that can be accurately geo-located. Thus, a core element of this project is the design of new targeted active measurement campaigns specifically developed to map a given colo facility by identifying not only all the PoPs of all the ASes present in that colo facility, but also the corresponding inter-AS connectivity that is visible to active probing at that location. Broader Impact: The inferred PoP-level maps are leveraged to develop a new and improved simulation environment, called cBGP+, that is built on the existing simulator (cBGP) but supports real-world AS path diversity. This new simulator will enable many Internet stakeholders (e.g. ISPs, DHS) to meaningfully assess, evaluate, and predict the inter-AS reachability of the Internet in the presence of certain events or changes (e.g., political unrests or the results of natural or man-made disasters).