NeTS: Small: Towards an Accurate, Geo-Aware, PoP-Level Perspective of the Internet's Inter-AS Connectivity

了解40,000多个主动路由自治系统(AS)在当今互联网互联中的位置和方式，对于有意义地调查广泛的与互联网有关的关键问题至关重要，例如互联网对物理损害的脆弱性。然而，许多已发表的关于因特网拓扑的工作主要集中于发现这种互连的存在(例如，诸如AS到AS链路的逻辑连接或诸如路由器到路由器链路的物理连接)。对在哪里以及在多少个不同地点建立这些互连的关注要少得多。例如，经常被研究的互联网AS级视图过于粗糙，因为将整个AS映射到单个地理位置消除了基本细节(例如AS级路径多样性)。同时，流行的路由器级别的互联网视图不仅过于详细，而且本质上很难捕获。智能优点：该项目的主要目标是设计、开发和严格评估技术，以准确绘制给定目标AS的所有POP(入网点)的地理位置，并确定在该AS的每个POP(入网点)处建立的AS间连接。互联网的很大一部分物理基础设施(例如路由器、交换机)托管在相对较少的物理建筑群中，这些建筑群称为主机托管(或Colo)设施或可以精确定位的数据中心。因此，该项目的一个核心要素是设计新的有针对性的主动测量活动，专门为绘制给定的COLO设施地图而制定，不仅确定该COLO设施中存在的所有AS的所有POP，而且还确定该位置的主动探测可见的相应AS间连通性。更广泛的影响：利用推断的POP级别地图来开发新的改进的模拟环境，称为CBGP+，该环境构建在现有模拟器(CBGP)的基础上，但支持真实世界的AS路径多样性。这一新的模拟器将使许多互联网利益相关者(例如，互联网服务提供商、国土安全部)能够在发生某些事件或变化(例如，政治动乱或自然或人为灾难的结果)时，有意义地评估、评估和预测互联网的互连可达性。

Understanding where and how the more than 40,000 actively routed Autonomous Systems (ASes) in today's Internet interconnect is essential for meaningfully investigating a wide range of critical Internet-related problems such as the vulnerability of the Internet to physical damage. However, much of the published work on Internet topology has focused primarily on discovering the existence of such interconnections (e.g., logical connectivity such as AS-to-AS links or physical connectivity such as router-to-router links). Considerably less attention has been paid to the where and in how many different locations these interconnections have been established. For example, the often-studied AS-level view of the Internet is too coarse as mapping entire ASes to single geographic locations eliminates essential details (e.g. AS-level path diversity). At the same time, the popular router-level view of the Internet is not only too detailed, but also inherently difficult to capture.Intellectual Merit: The main goal of this project is to design, develop and rigorously evaluate techniques to accurately map the geographic location of all the PoPs (Point-of-Presence) of a given target AS and determine the inter-AS connections that are established at each PoP (point of presence) of this AS. A significant fraction of the Internet's physical infrastructure (e.g. routers, switches) is hosted at a relatively small number of physical building complexes, called colocation (or colo) facilities or data centers that can be accurately geo-located. Thus, a core element of this project is the design of new targeted active measurement campaigns specifically developed to map a given colo facility by identifying not only all the PoPs of all the ASes present in that colo facility, but also the corresponding inter-AS connectivity that is visible to active probing at that location. Broader Impact: The inferred PoP-level maps are leveraged to develop a new and improved simulation environment, called cBGP+, that is built on the existing simulator (cBGP) but supports real-world AS path diversity. This new simulator will enable many Internet stakeholders (e.g. ISPs, DHS) to meaningfully assess, evaluate, and predict the inter-AS reachability of the Internet in the presence of certain events or changes (e.g., political unrests or the results of natural or man-made disasters).