A Modular Capability for Community Modeling of Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their Interplanetary Impacts

这笔资金用于部分支持2012年NASA-NSF空间天气建模合作伙伴关系选定并资助的项目。这是美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心（GSFC）和密歇根大学之间的合作成果。目标是开发新一代的数值模拟代码和工具，用于社区范围内对太阳耀斑、日冕物质抛射（CME）和太阳高能粒子（SEP）的研究，以测试太阳爆发理论与观测事件的对比，并努力实现预测能力。即将开发的模块化太阳爆发能力（MSEC）将由一套可互换的模块和库组成，包括一个可观测设备和一个训练库，这将使用户能够模拟完整的太阳爆发事件，从通量产生的能量积累到对地球的空间天气影响。这项新能力建立在提议小组最近在了解耀斑和日冕物质抛射物理以及空间天气建模方面的进展之上。该团队开发了一些关于太阳活动的领先理论，并提供了一些目前可供社区使用的最广泛使用的空间天气模型。MSEC发展的具体定义目标包括：利用太阳等离子体的双温度模型，并纳入对太阳大气能量状态重要的必要物理学；利用一种新的基于太阳风的alfvsamn波加速和耗散的现象学模型；通过将两种最先进的通量出现模型与太阳日冕全球模型相结合，探索上层对流区与太阳日冕之间的物理联系，从而以自洽的方式解决能量积累和日冕抛射引发的问题。该团队在基础太阳和日球层理论、观测事件的建模和数据分析以及计算物理学方面与国际公认的专家进行了强有力的合作。完成后，MSEC将交付给社区协调建模中心（CCMC），供科学界使用，并最终过渡到用于业务空间天气预报。包含最终MSEC的最先进的模拟代码和工具构成了一种创新和潜在的变革性能力，将被整个社区用于解决太阳爆发问题。虽然该团队将追求一个令人兴奋的科学项目，使用新的模型来解决太阳爆发的核心科学问题，但预计大部分科学结果最终将由外部社区获得。这项工作的结果将有助于提高我们对太阳爆发的理解和建模，这是国家空间天气需求的重中之重。该项目的教育组成部分包括博士后和研究生的参与。此次合作建立在并大大加强了合作伙伴之间的长期伙伴关系。除此之外，这将为密歇根大学的学生提供与美国宇航局领先科学家合作的机会，并有机会获得国家设施GSFC的独特资源。

This grant is for partial support of a project selected and funded under the 2012 NASA-NSF partnership for Space Weather Modeling Collaborations. It is a collaborative effort between NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and University of Michigan. The objective is to develop a new generation of numerical simulation codes and tools for community-wide investigation of Solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CME), and solar energetic particles (SEP) to test theories of solar eruptions against observed events and work towards a predictive capability. The Modular Solar Eruptions Capability (MSEC) to be developed will consist of a set of interchangeable modules and libraries, including an observables and a training library, which will enable the user to model a complete solar eruption event, from energy build-up by flux emergence to space weather impact at Earth. The new capability builds on recent advances by the proposing team in understanding the physics of flares and CMEs and in modeling space weather. The team has developed some of the leading theories for solar activity and has delivered some of the most widely used space weather models that is currently available to the community. Specific defining objectives for the development of the MSEC include: utilizing a two-temperature model for the solar plasma and incorporating the necessary physics important for the energy state of the solar atmosphere; utilizing a new phenomenological model for the solar wind-based Alfvén-wave acceleration and dissipation; exploring the physical connection between the upper convection zone and the solar corona by coupling two state-of-the-art models of flux emergence with the global model of the solar corona, thereby addressing the issue of energy build-up and CME initiation in a self-consistent manner. The team forms a strong collaboration between internationally recognized experts in basic solar and heliospheric theory, in the modeling and data analysis of observed events, and in computational physics. When completed, the MSEC will be delivered to the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) for access by the scientific community and eventual transition to use for operational space weather forecasting. The state-of-the-art simulation codes and tools comprising the final MSEC constitute an innovative and potentially transformative capability that will be used by the whole community to attack the solar eruption problem. While the team will pursue an exciting science program that uses the new models to attack the core science problems in solar eruptions, it is envisioned that the bulk of the science results ultimately will be obtained by the outside community. The results of this effort will help advance our understanding and modeling of solar eruptions, which are high priority national space weather needs. Educational components of the project include the participation of postdocs and graduate students. The collaboration builds on and greatly strengthens a longstanding partnership between the partners. Amongst others, this will provide the opportunity for students of University of Michigan to work with leading NASA scientists and have access to the unique resources at GSFC, a national facility.