ICOB: Comparative genomics for a regulatory model of evolutionarily conserved ripening control mechanisms in diverse species

ICOB：不同物种进化保守成熟控制机制调控模型的比较基因组学

• 批准号: 1322714
• 负责人: James Giovannoni
• 金额: $ 28.85万
• 依托单位: Boyce Thompson Institute Plant Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1322714&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ICOB; Comparative; genomics; regulatory; model

Fruit represent a significant portion of human diets and a major constituent of global food security. Fruit are significant contributors of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and fiber, yet present day fruit and vegetable intake is well below dietary guidelines. Inadequate fruit consumption is due partly to practical production, storage and shelf-life constraints limiting fruit availability at affordable prices. In addition, reduced flavor, appearance and aroma qualities, often attributed to early harvest and incomplete ripening (necessary for produce survival through modern supply chains), decreases consumer interest in fruit and fruit products. A better understanding of the genetic control of ripening and associated nutrient, flavor and quality characteristics, will provide growers, breeders and seed companies with tools for selection of higher quality fruit crops. Recently numerous ripening control processes have been resolved in tomato due to its short life cycle, providing insight into strategies for improving fruit quality while minimizing product loss. The primary objective of this project is to investigate the extent to which findings in tomato hold true for additional fruit crops, thus providing paths toward crop improvement. We have selected melon and banana as research targets due to their global consumption and economic value, and because they represent a range of ripening mechanisms and genetic diversity that will distinguish specific from more general ripening and fruit quality control components. Genes and genetic processes conserved among these species are likely to be common to most other fruit crops and will provide practical selection targets for fruit quality and shelf-life improvement. This project will also provide international exchange of students and postdoctoral fellows between the US and Israel as part of the scientific training and collaboration.

水果是人类饮食的重要组成部分，也是全球粮食安全的主要组成部分。水果是维生素，矿物质，碳水化合物和纤维的重要贡献者，但目前水果和蔬菜的摄入量远远低于膳食指南。 水果消费不足的部分原因是实际生产、储存和保质期限制，限制了水果以可负担的价格供应。此外，风味、外观和香气质量下降，通常归因于过早收获和不完全成熟（通过现代供应链生产生存所必需的），降低了消费者对水果和水果产品的兴趣。 更好地了解成熟的遗传控制以及相关的营养、风味和质量特性，将为种植者、育种者和种子公司提供选择更高质量水果作物的工具。 由于番茄的生命周期短，最近已经解决了许多成熟控制过程，为提高果实质量同时最大限度地减少产品损失提供了策略。 该项目的主要目标是调查番茄的发现在多大程度上适用于其他水果作物，从而提供作物改良的途径。我们选择甜瓜和香蕉作为研究目标，是因为它们的全球消费和经济价值，也因为它们代表了一系列成熟机制和遗传多样性，这些机制和遗传多样性将区分特定的成熟和更一般的水果质量控制成分。 这些物种中保守的基因和遗传过程可能与大多数其他水果作物相同，并将为水果质量和货架期的改善提供实用的选择目标。该项目还将提供美国和以色列之间的国际学生和博士后交流，作为科学培训和合作的一部分。