Soil Slips Versus Flow Failures in Rain-Infiltrated Slopes: Using Mechanical Stability Principles to Enhance Spatially Distributed Models for Landslide Forecasting

雨水渗透斜坡中的土壤滑移与水流破坏：利用机械稳定性原理增强滑坡预报的空间分布模型

• 批准号: 1324834
• 负责人: Giuseppe Buscarnera
• 金额: $ 26.17万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1324834&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Soil; Slips; Versus; Flow; Failures

The goal of this project is to contribute to the transformative advancement of physically-based models for landslide forecasting. This objective will be pursued by incorporating novel concepts of soil stability into the failure criteria for natural slopes. Particular attention will be given to the effects of climatic forcing and rain infiltration, which are known to change the water-pressure regime, deteriorate the strength properties of geotechnical materials and cause dramatic failures in slopes and earthworks. The project will use innovative methods to capture multiple types of failure (e.g., localized slips or flow-like instabilities). These criteria will be combined with the simulation of the hydrologic response of soil veneers, thus allowing the prediction of the potential for unstable ground movements at regional scale. The project will consider specific cases of landscapes which have suffered pervasive landsliding during rainfall events. For these cases, we will generate charts of critical triggering perturbations for given combinations of morphologic features, geotechnical properties and hydrologic conditions. The expected outcome is to formulate new quantitative methods to control the evolving state of stability in natural and urbanized landscapes through physically-based simulations.Findings from this project will benefit society by enhancing the ability to locate different types of slope failure via physical modeling. Depending on site-specific features, soil covers can fail either in the form of slides with limited mobility or as rapid flows. Several cases around the world have demonstrated the dramatic implications of these differences, as rapid landslides may involve considerable damages to property and the loss of human lives. The physical understanding of hillslope dynamics fostered by this project will play a role in the management of natural disasters. In particular, the incorporation of scientific findings into the practice of landslide forecasting can have broad societal and educational impacts for risk assessment and land-use planning in several areas of the world. In addition, an improved understanding of soil failure in natural settings will impact a broad range of problems dominated by the interplay between human activities and geomorphic processes, such as soil erosion, sediment transport and river-channel management. Education and outreach initiatives will be integrated to capitalize on the research components of the project, including international experiences for graduate students and an integrated educational initiative for engineering and geoscience students.

该项目的目标是为滑坡预测的物理模型的变革性进步做出贡献。这一目标将通过将土壤稳定性的新概念纳入天然边坡的破坏标准来实现。将特别注意气候强迫和雨水渗透的影响，这是众所周知的改变水的压力制度，降低岩土材料的强度特性，并导致斜坡和土方工程的严重故障。该项目将使用创新的方法来捕捉多种类型的故障（例如，局部滑移或流动状不稳定性）。这些标准将与土壤单板水文响应的模拟相结合，从而可以预测区域范围内不稳定地面运动的可能性。该项目将考虑在降雨期间遭受普遍滑坡的景观的具体案例。对于这些情况下，我们将生成图表的关键触发扰动的形态特征，岩土工程特性和水文条件的给定组合。预期成果是制定新的定量方法，通过基于物理的模拟来控制自然和城市化景观的稳定性演变状态。该项目的研究结果将通过提高通过物理模拟定位不同类型边坡破坏的能力而造福社会。根据具体场地的特点，土壤覆盖层可能以流动性有限的滑坡或快速流动的形式破坏。世界各地的几个案例表明了这些差异的巨大影响，因为快速山体滑坡可能造成相当大的财产损失和人员伤亡。该项目所培养的对山坡动态的物理理解将在自然灾害管理中发挥作用。特别是，将科学研究结果纳入滑坡预报实践，可对世界若干地区的风险评估和土地使用规划产生广泛的社会和教育影响。此外，更好地了解自然环境中的土壤破坏将影响到人类活动与地貌过程之间相互作用所主导的一系列广泛问题，如土壤侵蚀、沉积物迁移和河道管理。将整合教育和外联举措，以利用该项目的研究组成部分，包括为研究生提供的国际经验以及为工程和地球科学学生提供的综合教育举措。