SBIR Phase II: Safety and Mobility System

这个小企业创新研究（SBIR）二期项目将以切实可行的方式显著提高交叉口的安全性和流动性。安全是通过行人、自行车和车辆之间碰撞的风险来衡量的；通过更好的信号定时、警告和可能的强制执行，安全性得到了提高。流动性是通过车辆延误、停靠次数和吞吐量来衡量的；通过更好的信号控制和对当前交通状况的适应来改进。如今，在美国30万个十字路口收集的交通数据包括每隔几年进行的人工车辆计数；自行车或行人几乎从未被测量过。交通信号灯的设置是基于这些不充分的测量。安全风险是通过计算撞车事故来衡量的；没有关于几近崩溃的记录。交叉口性能的测量（服务水平、吞吐量和延迟）很少尝试，因为它需要持续监控交通。然而，主要的信号交叉路口确实能检测到车辆的存在，如果行人想过马路，也能接收到他们的按钮信号。一些十字路口有自行车探测器。目前缺乏的是收集这些测量数据并将其智能融合以实时估计交通状态的方法。这种创新是唯一能做到这一点的系统。这种创新的更广泛的商业影响是节省了生命和生产力损失。交叉路口的低效运行代价高昂。糟糕的十字路口控制导致2.95亿车小时的交通延误，每年高峰时期的旅客在额外的旅行时间和燃料上花费710美元。2008年估计有230万起交通事故发生在十字路口，占580万起交通事故的40%，7421人死亡（包括4092名行人），73.3万起交通事故造成人员受伤。除非城市道路得到精心管理，否则随着城市试图为所有公民提供便利的多式联运选择，这些交通和安全成本只会增加。S通过开车、步行、骑自行车或交通工具，导致模式类型之间的更多互动。但谨慎的管理需要评估、预测和识别方法的能力，以提高交叉口的流动性和安全性。今天，在任何地方都找不到进行这种常规研究所需的数据。这一创新是唯一能够实时提供此类数据的系统。这将是一个非常低成本的系统，可以在几个小时内安装，第二天就可以获得数据。这一创新将解决最近联邦MAP-21立法的新要求。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project should dramatically improve intersection safety and mobility in a practical way. Safety is measured by the risk of collision between pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles; safety is improved by better signal timing, warnings, and possibly enforcement. Mobility is measured by vehicle delay, number of stops, and throughput; it is improved by better signal control, and adaptation to current traffic conditions. Today traffic data collected in 300,000 intersections in the US consists of manual vehicle counts conducted every couple of years; bicycles or pedestrians are almost never measured. Traffic signal settings are based on these inadequate measurements. Safety risk is measured by counting crashes; there is no account of near-crashes. Measurement of intersection performance (level of service, throughput, and delay) is rarely attempted since it requires continuous monitoring of traffic. Nevertheless major signalized intersections do detect the presence of vehicles, and do receive push button signals from pedestrians if they wish to cross. A few intersections have bicycle detectors. What is lacking is the means to collect these measurements and intelligently fuse them to estimate the traffic state in real-time. This innovation is the only system that can do this.The broader and commercial impact of this innovation is the savings in lives and lost productivity. Inefficient operation of intersections is costly. Poor intersection control causes 295 million vehicle-hours of traffic delay, and annually costs the peak-period traveler $710 in additional travel time and fuel. An estimated 2.3M crashes occurred at intersections in 2008, accounting for 40 percent of 5.8M crashes, 7,421 fatalities (including 4,092 pedestrians) and 733,000 crashes with injuries. Unless urban roads are carefully managed, these mobility and safety costs will only increase as cities try to provide convenient multimodal transportation choices to all citizens, whether it?s by driving, walking, bicycling, or transit, leading to greater interaction between the modal types. But careful management requires the ability to evaluate, predict and identify means to improve intersection mobility and safety. Today the data needed to conduct such studies on a routine basis are not available anywhere. This innovation is the only system that can provide such data in real time. It will be an exceptionally low-cost system that can be installed in a few hours, with data available the next day. This innovation will address the emerging requirements of the recent federal MAP-21 legislation.