CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Safety-Feature Modeling and Adaptive Resource Management for Mixed-Criticality Cyber-Physical Systems

为了确保汽车、飞机和医疗器械等复杂网络物理系统的运行安全，需要新的模型、分析、平台和开发技术来预测功能之间可能的交互，在功能的具体实现中检测它们，并通过精确建模和实施混合关键网络物理系统语义来消除或缓解这种交互。这个项目采用了一种新的方法来推理和管理网络物理系统中的功能交互，包括软件内的交互，通过系统的物理动力学进行的交互，以及通过共享计算资源进行的交互。该方法由三个紧密耦合的研究推力组成：(1)将特征建模为自动机的新方法，该自动机既具有特征环境的物理动力学，又具有自动机在每个状态中指定的关键程度；(2)新的自动机理论和控制理论分析技术；(3)在新的混合关键网络物理平台体系结构中实现的单个特征之间自适应共享计算资源的新算法。建模方法将为混合关键程度的网络物理组件引入新的模型，并将支持现代开发标准，如汽车行业中的AUTOSAR，用于为特征分配关键级别。该模型中的组件接口将捕获控制模式和关联的物理动态、操作模式和关联的资源要求和关键级别，以及控制模式和操作模式之间的关系。对所提出的模型中所表达的特征的分析将包括检测相互作用和探索它们对复合系统安全特性的影响。拟议工作的更广泛影响是双重的。其中一个影响在于网络物理系统在我们社会中的普遍使用。如果开发的结果被工业采用，可能有助于促进这类系统的安全改进。拟议的研究结果将用于宾夕法尼亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究生和本科生课程。该项目还将为学生提供参与其研究领域的尖端研究的机会。

To ensure operational safety of complex cyber-physical systems such as automobiles, aircraft, and medical devices, new models, analyses, platforms, and development techniques are needed that can predict, possible interactions between features, detect them in the features' concrete implementations, and either eliminate or mitigate such interactions through precise modeling and enforcement of mixed-criticality cyber-physical system semantics. This project is taking a novel approach to reasoning about and managing feature interactions in cyber-physical systems, which encompasses interactions within software, interactions through the physical dynamics of the system, and interactions via shared computational resources. The proposed approach consists of three tightly coupled research thrusts: (1) a novel way of modeling features as automata equipped with both physical dynamics of the feature environment, and an assigned criticality level in each state of an automaton, (2) new automata-theoretic and control-theoretic analysis techniques, enabled by the modeling approach, and (3) new algorithms for adaptive sharing of computational resources between individual features that are guaranteed to satisfy the assumptions made during analysis, realized within a novel mixed-criticality cyber-physical platform architecture. The modeling approach will introduce a new model for mixed-criticality cyber-physical components and will support modern development standards, such as AUTOSAR in the automotive industry, for assigning criticality levels to features. Component interfaces in this model will capture control modes and the associated physical dynamics, operating modes and the associated resource requirements and criticality level, as well as relationships between control modes and operating modes. Analysis of features expressed in the proposed model will include detection of interactions and exploration of their effect on safety properties of the composite system. The broader impacts of the proposed work are twofold. One impact lies in the pervasive use of cyber-physical systems in our society. If the developed results are adopted in industry, it may help to promote improved safety of such systems. Results of the proposed research will be used in courses offered at both University of Pennsylvania and Washington University at the graduate and undergraduate levels. The project will also provide students with opportunities to get involved in cutting edge research within their fields of study