Regulation of Energy Organelle Dynamics in Plants

植物能量细胞器动力学的调节

• 批准号: 1330441
• 负责人: Jianping Hu
• 金额: $ 69.04万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-11-15 至 2019-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1330441&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Regulation; Energy; Organelle; Dynamics; Plants

INTELLECTUAL MERITPeroxisomes and mitochondria are ubiquitous, multifunctional, and highly dynamic organelles that mediate a variety of metabolic functions in eukaryotes. In plants, these organelles together with chloroplasts are essential to energy production and metabolism. The abundance and morphology of mitochondria and peroxisomes are highly regulated to adapt to the need of a plant. Among components of the organelle division machineries, the Arabidopsis dynamin-related proteins DRP3A and DRP3B are key mediators for the fission of both mitochondria and peroxisomes. This project further investigates the molecular mechanisms that control organelle dynamics, focusing on the post-translational regulation of the function of DRP3 by protein phosphorylation and by a phospholipid, cardiolipin, whose function is largely unknown in plants. This research addresses a fundamental question in eukaryotic biology in a quantitative manner, using in vivo and in vitro approaches and combining genetic, cell biological and biochemical strategies. Knowledge will be integrated from single proteins and lipids to sub-cellular machineries and plant development. Given the essential roles of peroxisomes and mitochondria in plant development and energy metabolism, this study will have agricultural and economical relevance, as knowledge gained may provide molecular basis for developing strategies for rational engineering of plant metabolism, bioenergy production, and defense.BROADER IMPACTSPersonnel on the project will participate in training undergraduate and high school students in summer research, outreaching to local schools, and providing educational opportunities to the scientific and broader communities through lectures. The PI will remain active in including women and individuals from underrepresented groups in the project.

过氧体和线粒体是真核生物中普遍存在的、多功能的、高度动态的细胞器，它们调节着多种代谢功能。在植物中，这些细胞器与叶绿体一起对能量的产生和代谢是必不可少的。线粒体和过氧化物体的丰度和形态受到高度调控，以适应植物的需要。在细胞器分裂机制的组成部分中，拟南芥动力蛋白相关蛋白DRP3A和DRP3B是线粒体和过氧化物体分裂的关键介体。该项目进一步研究了控制细胞器动力学的分子机制，重点是通过蛋白质磷酸化和一种在植物中功能基本未知的磷脂-心磷脂对DRP3功能的翻译后调节。这项研究以定量的方式解决了真核生物学中的一个基本问题，采用了体内和体外的方法，并结合了遗传学、细胞生物学和生化的策略。知识将从单一蛋白质和脂类到亚细胞机械和植物发育。鉴于过氧化体和线粒体在植物发育和能量代谢中的重要作用，这项研究将具有农业和经济意义，因为所获得的知识可能为制定植物新陈代谢、生物能源生产和防御的合理工程战略提供分子基础。BROADER IMPACTS该项目的人员将参与培训本科生和高中生进行暑期研究，向当地学校外展，并通过讲座向科学和更广泛的社区提供教育机会。国际和平协会将继续积极将妇女和代表人数不足的群体的个人纳入该项目。