Effects of Metals from Flue Gas on Microalgae Biofuels and Co-products: Sustainability and Scalability

CBET -1335550杰森·奎因犹他州立大学替代运输燃料的生产对于满足当前的能源需求而不加剧全球气候变化至关重要。微藻被认为是一种有前途的原料，但需要特定的资源（例如水和浓缩的二氧化碳），这些资源要么难以以高纯度和高浓度提供，要么与其他基本活动如食品生产竞争。已经进行了各种微藻可行性评估，其假设废二氧化碳源（例如燃煤发电厂烟道气）与微藻培养的无缝整合。在微藻的培养阶段中利用烟道气作为二氧化碳源代表了从微藻生产生物燃料的环境有利的工艺步骤。煤的燃烧产生富含二氧化碳的流，其理想地用于与微藻整合，但也含有痕量的各种重金属，如砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、锰、镍、铅、锑、硒、锡、碲、钛、钒和锌。烟道气作为微藻培养中的营养源的整合将最终将这些重金属引入到生长介质中，在那里它们可以被微藻吸收并潜在地浓缩。本研究将量化重金属的归宿及其对微藻培养的影响，以及使用烟道气作为碳源的最终产物的特性。了解微藻生物燃料过程中重金属的影响和命运将使更高分辨率的环境评估成为可能。该研究将调查1）生长培养基中存在的重金属对微藻生长和脂质含量的影响以及对所生产的生物柴油质量的影响，2）重金属对通过发酵生产丙酮、丁醇和乙醇以及从厌氧消化生产甲烷的脂质提取藻类的下游加工的影响，和3）微藻到与烟道气整合的生物燃料过程的可持续性和可扩展性。 完成这些任务将有助于评估烟道气中发现的重金属对微藻培养及其产品的影响。这项研究将调查可能发生重金属积累的潜在过程，并量化所涉及的数量。系统模型将通过可扩展性和环境影响评估的实验数据提供信息。该项目将为微藻培养与燃煤电厂烟气等工业点源产生的二氧化碳的环境影响提供新的见解。 烟道气与微藻培养的整合将不可避免地将重金属引入到可以吸收和浓缩的生长介质中。 本研究将评估微藻生长介质中存在的重金属的最终归宿，并调查微藻生物燃料过程对生长、燃料性质和副产物的影响。 从实验工作中获得的信息将被整合到建模工作中，以直接评估将富碳烟道气与微藻培养相结合的大规模环境影响。

CBET - 1335550Jason QuinnUtah State UniversityThe production of alternative transportation fuels is imperative to meeting current energy demands without contributing to global climate change. Microalgae are considered a promising feedstock, but require specific resources (e.g. water and concentrated carbon dioxide) that are either difficult to provide in high purity and concentration or that compete with other essential activities such as food production. A variety of microalgae feasibility assessments have been performed that assume the seamless integration of waste carbon dioxide sources, such as coal fired power plant flue gas, with microalgae cultivation. The utilization of flue gas as a source for carbon dioxide in the cultivation phase of microalgae represents an environmentally favorable process step for the production of biofuels from microalgae. The burning of coal generates a carbon dioxide rich stream ideal for integration with microalgae, but also contains trace amounts of a variety of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, tellurium, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. The integration of flue gases as a nutrient source in microalgae cultivation will ultimately introduce these heavy metals into the growth media where they can be absorbed and potentially concentrated by the microalgae. The fate of heavy metals and their effect on microalgal cultivation and the characteristics of end products from the use of flue gas as the carbon source will be quantified by this study. Understanding the effect and fate of heavy metals in the microalgae-to-biofuels process will enable higher resolution environmental assessments. The study will investigate 1) the effects of the presence of heavy metals in growth media on microalgae growth and lipid content and the effects on the quality of biodiesel produced, 2) the effects of heavy metals on downstream processing of the lipid extracted algae via fermentation for production of acetone, butanol and ethanol and methane production from anaerobic digestion, and 3) the sustainability and scalability of the microalgae to biofuels process integrated with flue gas. Accomplishment of these tasks will facilitate the evaluation of the effects of heavy metals found in flue gas on microalgae cultivation and resulting products. This study will investigate potential processes where heavy metal buildup could occur and quantify the amounts involved. Systems models will be informed by the experimental data for scalability and environmental impact assessments.This project will provide new insights into the environmental impacts of integrating microalgae cultivation with carbon dioxide derived from industrial point sources such as coal power plant flue gas. The integration of flue gas with microalgae cultivation will inevitably introduce heavy metals into the growth media that can be absorbed and concentrated. This study will evaluate the end fate of heavy metals present in microalgae growth media and investigate the effects on growth, fuel properties and co-products from the microalgae to biofuels process. The information learned from the experimental work will be integrated into a modeling effort to directly assess the large-scale environmental implications of integrating carbon rich flue gas with microalgae cultivation.