Collaborative Research: Facility Support to Renew Operation of the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM)

合作研究：为国家机载激光测绘中心 (NCALM) 恢复运行提供设施支持

• 批准号: 1339015
• 负责人: Ramesh Shrestha
• 金额: $ 275.66万
• 依托单位: University of Houston
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1339015&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Facility; Support; Renew

1339015ShresthaThis grant provides five years of operational support for the National Center for Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (NCALM). NCALM is a collaborative Facility with two nodes. The acquisition node and initial flight line trajectory calculations and ALSM data calibration functions are now located and performed at the University of Houston (UH) and the data processing, archival and distribution node is at the University of California at Berkeley (UC-B). Also known as airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), ALSM allows for the measurement of surface topographic features with decimeter-level accuracies and meter to sub-meter spatial resolution. High resolution, georeferenced, digital elevation models (DEMs) processed from raw ALSM data (point clouds) offer unprecedented observations of a multitude of geomorphic features at the scales at which fundamental shaping processes operate. Examples include, fault scarps, hill slopes, river channels, barrier beaches and sand dunes, mountain and continental glaciers, volcanic edifices and vegetative canopy structure. DEMs developed from ALSM can be used to model and advance understanding of the dynamics of surface landforms and the underlying processes responsible. The technique also has a wide range of applications in civil engineering and hazards assessments and for archaeological investigations of past civilizations modification of landscapes, especially in tropical environs where such structures are invisible via airborne photogrammetry. ALSM systems fire laser pulses (typically Nd:YAG at milliJoule powers) at high frequency from an aircraft whose position and orientation are accounted for via on board and ground GPS control and an aircraft IMU. The ALSM system measures the round trip travel time for individual pulses to reflect off encountered surfaces and return to a detector. The intensity of returns is also recorded on the UH GEMINI system. Raw ALSM travel time data is combined with ground Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver phase data and aircraft GPS and IMU data to generate xyz georeferenced coordinates of each laser return from the surface or ?point clouds.? The GEMINI system?s high frequency laser postings allows for penetration of dense vegetative canopies and, with developed post processing routines, can yield maps of both the upper surface of vegetative canopy and the bare Earth surface that is obstructed from a bird?s eye view. NCALM is dedicated to meeting three goals: 1) providing research-quality LiDAR data to the scientific community, 2) advancing the state of the art in airborne laser mapping, and 3) training and educating graduate students to meet the rapidly growing needs of academia, government, and the private sector. ***

1339015Shresthathis Grant为国家机载激光板映射（NCALM）提供了五年的运营支持。 NCALM是具有两个节点的协作设施。 采集节点和初始飞行线轨迹计算和ALSM数据校准功能现已位于休斯敦大学（UH）（UH），数据处理，档案和分配节点在加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校（UC-B）。 ALSM也称为空气传播的光检测和范围（LIDAR），允许测量具有分解值级准确性的表面地形特征，并仪表以下空间分辨率。 从原始ALSM数据（点云）处理的高分辨率，地理价值，数字高程模型（DEMS）提供了前所未有的观察结果，对基本塑形过程的量表进行了多种地貌特征。例子包括故障疤痕，山坡，河道，屏障海滩和沙丘，山地和大陆冰川，火山铺设和营养冠层结构。 从ALSM开发的DEM可用于建模和提高对地表地面的动态以及负责的基础过程的理解。 该技术在土木工程和危害评估中还具有广泛的应用，以及对过去文明修改景观的考古研究，尤其是在热带环境中，这些结构是通过空中摄影测量值不可见的。 ALSM系统消防激光脉冲（通常是Millijoule Powers的ND：YAG），该飞机的位置和方向可以通过船上和地面GPS控制以及飞机IMU进行。 ALSM系统测量了单个脉冲反射遇到的表面并返回探测器的往返行程时间。 回报的强度也记录在UH双子座系统上。 RAW ALSM旅行时间数据与地面全球定位系统（GPS）接收器相位数据以及飞机GPS和IMU数据相结合，以生成每个激光器的XYZ地理坐标，从表面或point Clouds返回。 GEMINI系统的高频激光帖子允许渗透致密的植物檐篷，并且使用发达的后加工程序，可以产生植物冠层的上表面和从鸟类视图中阻塞的裸露土表面的地图。 NCALM致力于实现三个目标：1）向科学界提供研究质量的激光雷达数据，2）推进机载激光映射的最新技术，以及3）培训和教育研究生以满足学术界，政府和私营部门的快速增长的需求。 ***