Collaborative Research: Three Dimensional Landscape Reconstruction For Long Term Land Use Modeling

合作研究：长期土地利用建模的三维景观重建

• 批准号: 1523211
• 负责人: Ramesh Shrestha
• 金额: $ 11.47万
• 依托单位: University of Houston
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1523211&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Three; Dimensional; Landscape

Dr. W. H. Wills of the University of New Mexico will lead a collaborative team of interdisciplinary researchers from several institutions in a two-year study of the agricultural foundations of the prehistoric complex society that developed in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, between ca. AD 500 and 1300. Chacoan society flourished especially during from AD 900 to 1100 when residents of the high elevation, arid canyon built massive stone buildings (great houses) that formed the social and ritual center for a network that extended over vast distances and included trade relations with societies nearly 1500 miles to the south in Central America. Despite more than a century of inquiry at Chaco, the economic processes which allowed this development are poorly understood, particularly the role of food production in supporting labor and construction of public architecture in an environment that is not currently suitable for intensive agriculture. Understanding how ancient farmers created and sustained costly social institutions in marginal environments may offer real insights for modern efforts to efficiently manage competing demands for limited water or resources in many parts of the United States and other parts of the world. The integration of multiple remote sensing methods draws on scientific and engineering breakthroughs to improve our knowledge about historical changes in the past.The project will employ a range of remote sensing technologies for acquiring highly accurate geospatial data about canyon geomorphology and archaeological site locations as the basis for reconstructing changing land surfaces through time. Like most stream systems in desert environments, Chaco has deep deposits of alluvium that have accumulated over time in response to changes in climate and other factors. The canyon residents adjusted to these changes by altering the location of fields and houses, many of which are deeply buried and visible only in eroded areas or through non-destructive remote sensing technologies such as ground penetrating radar, airborne LiDAR and 3-D photography. These data will be coupled with conventional geoarchaeological information obtained by researchers in the field. The project will use the reconstructed land surfaces as geospatial platforms for evaluating agricultural productivity models, settlement patterns, and human modifications (such as water canals) that may have affected hydrology. The team will identity historical factors that may have provided stimuli for rapid population growth and social innovation, as well as conditions that may have fostered problems that could not be solved and led to the depopulation of the canyon by the 14th century AD.

新墨西哥大学的W. H. Wills博士将领导来自几个机构的跨学科研究人员的合作团队，对在CA之间在新墨西哥州Chaco Canyon开发的史前复杂社会的农业基础进行了两年的研究。公元500年和1300年。查科安社会尤其是在公元900年至1100年期间蓬勃发展，当时高海拔高度的居民Arid Canyon建造了巨大的石材建筑（伟大的房屋），该建筑（伟大的房屋）构成了一个社交和礼节中心，该网络延伸了广阔的距离，并包括与中美洲南部近1500英里的贸易关系。 尽管在查科（Chaco）进行了一个多世纪的询问，但允许这种发展的经济过程知之甚少，尤其是在目前不适合强化农业的环境中，粮食生产在支持劳动和建设公共建筑中的作用。 了解古老的农民如何在边际环境中创建和持续昂贵的社会机构可以为现代努力提供真正的见解，以有效地管理美国和世界许多地区对有限水或资源的竞争需求。 多种遥感方法的整合借鉴了科学和工程的突破，以提高我们对过去历史变化的了解。该项目将采用一系列遥感技术来获取有关峡谷地貌学和考古地点的高度准确的地理空间数据，以作为重建随着时间的流逝而变化的土地浮出水面的基础。 像沙漠环境中的大多数溪流系统一样，查科（Chaco）的冲积层沉积在响应气候变化和其他因素时随着时间的流逝而积累。 峡谷居民通过更改田野和房屋的位置来调整这些变化，其中许多仅在受侵蚀的地区或通过非破坏性遥感技术（例如地面穿透性雷达，机源性雷达和3-D摄影）被深深地掩埋和可见。 这些数据将与该领域研究人员获得的常规地理学信息相结合。 该项目将使用重建的土地表面作为地理空间平台，以评估可能影响水文学的农业生产力模型，定居模式和人类修饰（例如水运河）。 该团队将确定可能为快速人口增长和社会创新提供刺激的历史因素，以及可能促进了无法解决的问题的条件，这些问题无法解决并导致公元14世纪的峡谷人口减少。