Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Application of Entanglement Theory at Catalhoyuk, Turkey

博士论文改进补助金：纠缠理论在土耳其 Catalhoyuk 的应用

• 批准号: 1342164
• 负责人: Ian Hodder
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1342164&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Application

This project studies how a socio-economic reliance on locally acquired resources can influence social development. Under the guidance of Dr. Ian Hodder, Adam Nazaroff will study the procurement and use of chert, a rock composed principally of microcrystalline silica, at the site of Çatalhöyük, Turkey. This site was occupied during the Middle Eastern Neolithic from 7,400 to 6,000 BC, and is particularly well-known for its magnificent artistic motifs, its large size, and unique ritual and architectural practices. A significant portion of this project will include large-scale surveys of the landscape surrounding Çatalhöyük in order to discover natural deposits of chert which may have been exploited during the Neolithic. Using a combination of visual, geochemical, and mineralogical analyses, Mr. Nazaroff will identify which outcrops were used by the people of Çatalhöyük to produce chert objects. By studying the different objects produced from each chert source, it becomes possible to identify the different facets of society which were reliant on the use of local resources. More broadly, by identifying how local chert deposits were important economic, social, and ideological resources throughout the development of this Neolithic community, Mr. Nazaroff's research will help demonstrate the range of social practices which were impacted by the local landscape. While the Neolithic is a time of wide-spread social change, encompassing many crucial developments in human history, current theories often argue that these developments originated in a few key centers before spreading outward to the rest of the Neolithic world. As a result, many communities have been envisioned as peripheral to, or subjects of, a predominantly foreign phenomenon. However, this research will help explain how Neolithic groups also developed within networks of local practices, which aided in the production of a heterogeneous Neolithic landscape. By giving a voice to the role of local processes, this project stands to more thoroughly inform archaeologists of the myriad of processes involved in community development.This research is well suited to provide a broader impact beyond the scope of the above topics. Evident in recent anthropological and economic literature is a growing recognition of the directive force of regional and global networks on economic practices and community identities. Researchers have looked to understand how the origins of materials used in the manufacture of commodities impact the overall economies in which they are situated. This project adds the strengths of an archaeological approach to this discourse by analyzing how long-term processes articulate with other socio-economic practices to impact community development. This is a stark contrast to modern economic policies pertaining to the mining, trade, and exchange of resources which are only interested in short-term gains and ignore the long-term and nuanced consequences of particular investitures. This project also operates at the intersection of various disciplines (archaeology, anthropology, geology, economics) to provide a thorough perspective on the role of local resources in informing social behaviors. Collaborative research with local academic and governmental institutions, incorporating Turkish academic and student researchers, will also bolster connections between local and international researchers across disciplinary boundaries, which will help to develop an enriched archaeological discourse.

该项目研究社会经济对当地获取资源的依赖如何影响社会发展。在 Ian Hodder 博士的指导下，Adam Nazaroff 将在土耳其 Çatalhöyük 地点研究燧石的采购和使用，燧石是一种主要由微晶二氧化硅组成的岩石。该遗址位于公元前 7,400 年至 6,000 年的中东新石器时代，以其宏伟的艺术图案、庞大的规模以及独特的仪式和建筑实践而闻名。该项目的一个重要部分将包括对 Çatalhöyük 周围景观进行大规模调查，以发现可能在新石器时代开采过的燧石天然矿藏。纳扎罗夫先生将结合视觉、地球化学和矿物学分析，确定加塔霍裕克人使用哪些露头来生产燧石物体。通过研究每个燧石来源生产的不同物品，可以识别依赖当地资源使用的社会不同方面。更广泛地说，通过确定当地燧石矿床在这个新石器时代社区的整个发展过程中如何成为重要的经济、社会和意识形态资源，纳扎罗夫先生的研究将有助于展示受当地景观影响的社会实践的范围。 虽然新石器时代是一个广泛的社会变革时期，涵盖了人类历史上的许多关键发展，但当前的理论经常认为，这些发展起源于几个关键中心，然后向外传播到新石器时代世界的其他地区。因此，许多社区被视为外来现象的外围或主体。然而，这项研究将有助于解释新石器时代群体如何在当地实践网络中发展，这有助于产生异质的新石器时代景观。通过表达当地过程的作用，该项目旨在让考古学家更全面地了解社区发展所涉及的无数过程。这项研究非常适合提供超出上述主题范围的更广泛影响。最近的人类学和经济文献表明，人们越来越认识到区域和全球网络对经济实践和社区身份的指导力。研究人员试图了解用于制造商品的材料的来源如何影响其所在的整体经济。该项目通过分析长期过程如何与其他社会经济实践相结合来影响社区发展，从而为这一论述增添了考古学方法的优势。这与有关采矿、贸易和资源交换的现代经济政策形成鲜明对比，这些政策只对短期收益感兴趣，而忽视特定投资的长期和微妙后果。该项目还涉及多个学科（考古学、人类学、地质学、经济学）的交叉点，以全面了解当地资源在影响社会行为方面的作用。与当地学术和政府机构的合作研究，包括土耳其学术和学生研究人员，也将加强当地和国际研究人员之间跨学科界限的联系，这将有助于发展丰富的考古学话语。