AIR Option 1: Technology Translation: KS-Detect: A complete "sample-in, answer-out" solution to the diagnosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma

这个PFI：AIR技术翻译项目的重点是翻译我们的KS-检测系统，这将是第一个完整的？样本输入答案输出在资源有限的情况下诊断卡波西肉瘤（KS）的解决方案。 翻译KS检测系统结合了我们的（1）？注射器实验室这些技术包括：（1）用于活检提取和样本处理的技术;（2）用于极低功率核酸扩增的太阳热PCR（聚合酶链式反应）;以及（3）用于结果定量的基于纳米颗粒的比色智能手机测定。 该系统的设计是由现场护士使用，并解决了一些挑战与低资源设置卡波西？S肉瘤包括：在现场采集和处理活检样本的能力，通过使用阳光驱动热循环过程，在单次电池充电时可以执行的诊断反应的数量增加至少10倍，并且消除了对专用仪器的依赖，使得系统能够由操作者在现场固定。 该项目通过构建一个完整的原型来实现其目标，从而实现临床前优化，这是临床实施之前的关键评估阶段。 该伙伴关系聘请专家在有限的资源设置诊断，以提供指导，在外地的要求，因为他们涉及的潜力，翻译KS-检测系统沿着的道路，可能会导致一个有竞争力的商业现实。 从长远来看，潜在的经济影响预计将是显著的，该项目将有助于提高美国在生物医学诊断方面的竞争力。 长期的社会影响，将是更好的卡波西诊断？s肉瘤。卡波西肉瘤是撒哈拉以南非洲地区男性的主要癌症和女性的第二大癌症。 KS很难与其他血管增生性疾病区分开来，特别是在非洲，训练有素的病理学家仅限于少数医院，免疫组织化学几乎不存在。 多项研究表明，基于PCR的核酸鉴定卡波西？在没有免疫组化的情况下，皮肤活检中的肉瘤疱疹病毒（KSHV）是进行明确诊断的最佳方法。 除了在这里提出的研究活动，我们将开发一系列的社会媒体工具，以促进世界范围内分享最新的科学和技术进步，在有限的资源设置诊断。 像Facebook和Twitter这样的服务现在是在世界各地传播信息的主要方式，但科学界对它们的采用却非常缓慢。 在这里，我们将使用这些工具来建立一个虚拟社区的医生，科学家，工程师，技术人员和现场工作人员感兴趣的有限资源设置诊断。 新技术、新闻文章、临床研究结果和其他感兴趣的信息将通过这些工具传播给该社区。

This PFI: AIR Technology Translation project focuses on translating our KS-Detect system which will represent the first complete ?sample-in-answer-out? solution for the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in limited resource settings. The translated KS-Detect system combines our (1) ?lab-on-a-syringe? technology for biopsy extraction and sample processing, (2) solar-thermal PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for extremely low-power nucleic acid amplification, and (3) a nanoparticle based colorimetric smartphone assay for the quantification of the results. The system is designed to be used by a field nurse and addresses a number of challenges with low resource setting diagnosis of Kaposi?s sarcoma including: the ability to take and process a biopsy sample in the field, providing at least a 10-fold increase in the number of diagnostic reactions that can be performed on a single battery charge by using sunlight to drive the thermal cycling process, and elimination of the reliance on specialized instrumentation enabling the system to be fixed in the field by the operator. The project accomplishes its objectives by constructing a complete prototype resulting in pre-clinical optimization which is a critical evaluation stage prior to clinical implementation. The partnership engages experts in limited resource setting diagnostics to provide guidance in the field requirements as they pertain to the potential to translate the KS-Detect system along a path that may result in a competitive commercial reality. The potential economic impact is expected to be significant in the long term and the project will contribute to the U.S. competitiveness in biomedical diagnostics. The societal impact, long term, will be better diagnostics of Kaposi?s sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is the leading cancer in men and the second leading cancer in women in sub-Saharan Africa. KS is difficult to distinguish from other angioproliferative diseases, particularly in Africa where access to trained pathologists is limited to few hospitals and immunohistochemistry is practically non-existent. Multiple studies have shown that PCR based nucleic acid identification of Kaposi?s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) in skin biopsies represents the best method of performing an unambiguous diagnosis in the absence of immunohistochemistry. In addition to the research activities proposed here, we will develop a series of social media tools to facilitate world-wide sharing of recent scientific and technological advances in limited resource setting diagnostics. Services like Facebook and Twitter are now the dominant method by which information is disseminated across the world, but their adoption by the scientific community has been painfully slow. Here we will use these tools to establish a virtual community of doctors, scientists, engineers, technologists, and field workers interested in limited resource setting diagnostics. New technologies, news articles, results of clinical studies, and other information of interest will be disseminated through these tools to this community.