RAPID: Collection of Perishable Data on Storm Shelters, Wind Speed Indicators, and Glazing after the May 20, 2013 Tornado in Moore, OK

RAPID：2013 年 5 月 20 日俄克拉何马州摩尔龙卷风过后，收集有关避难所、风速指示器和玻璃的易腐数据

• 批准号: 1345299
• 负责人: Daan Liang
• 金额: $ 3.07万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1345299&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collection; Perishable; Data; Storm

On May 20, 2013, an EF-5 tornado touched down 4.4 miles west of Newcastle, OK and ended 4.8 miles east of Moore, OK, yielding an approximate path length of 17 miles and a maximum damage path width of 1.3 miles. Engineered structures, including two elementary schools, high school, theater, and medical center, were badly damaged or destroyed along with several hundred residential homes. This area represents an ideal and rare case study for wind engineering research because of the number of structural failures and debris samples, and especially since the area has experienced severe tornadoes in the past. The primary objective of this study is to collect perishable field data of damage from this 2013 tornado to advance understanding of tornadic wind and its effects on buildings and other structures. This study will focus on the performance of simple structures, building glazing, and storm shelters. A team of researchers from Texas Tech University will deploy during late May and June 2013 to the Moore, OK area to collect the following data: (a) identify simple structures along the path of the storm and collect data on their geometries, construction materials, observed failure modes, and damages to adjacent structures; (b) document glazing types used in commercial and residential buildings, their failure modes, and surrounding debris fields; and (c) survey storm shelters located within the tornado's path and document their design, construction, maintenance, and performance. This data collection effort extends a long history of field studies of windstorms at Texas Tech University and builds upon the team's extensive research on storm shelters, the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-scale), and wind-resistant glazing. This study will result in multiple benefits to both the wind engineering community and construction industry. First, the wind speeds assigned to degrees of damage in the EF-scale are based on expert opinion. The data collected in this study can be used to validate wind speed estimation and improve the overall quality of the EF-scale. Second, understanding the performance of building glazing is timely as industry and code communities are currently working to develop design requirements for newer types of glazing subject to wind hazards. Third, data on the performance of storm shelters can be used to update current design guidelines and standards, leading to safer shelters, and to direct future research needed for understanding debris impact on storm shelters.

2013年5月20日，一场EF-5龙卷风在俄克拉荷马州纽卡斯尔以西4. 4英里处登陆，在俄克拉荷马州摩尔以东4. 8英里处结束，产生的路径长度约为17英里，最大破坏路径宽度为1. 3英里。 工程结构，包括两所小学，高中，剧院和医疗中心，被严重损坏或摧毁沿着数百个住宅。该地区是风力工程研究的理想和罕见的案例研究，因为结构故障和碎片样本的数量，特别是因为该地区在过去经历了严重的龙卷风。 这项研究的主要目的是收集2013年龙卷风造成的易腐现场数据，以促进对龙卷风风及其对建筑物和其他结构的影响的了解。 这项研究将集中在简单结构，建筑玻璃和风暴避难所的性能。 得克萨斯理工大学的一组研究人员将于2013年5月下旬和6月部署到俄克拉荷马州摩尔地区，收集以下数据：（a）确定风暴路径上沿着的简单结构，并收集关于其几何形状、建筑材料、观察到的故障模式和对邻近结构的损害的数据;（B）记录商业和住宅建筑中使用的玻璃窗类型、其失效模式和周围的碎片场;以及（c）调查位于龙卷风路径内的风暴避难所，并记录其设计、建造、维护和性能。这项数据收集工作延续了德克萨斯理工大学对风暴进行实地研究的悠久历史，并建立在该团队对风暴避难所、增强型藤田尺度（EF尺度）和防风玻璃的广泛研究基础上。这项研究将为风力工程界和建筑业带来多重利益。首先，在EF等级中，指定给损害程度的风速是基于专家意见。 在这项研究中收集的数据可以用来验证风速估计和提高EF尺度的整体质量。 其次，了解建筑玻璃窗的性能是及时的，因为行业和规范社区目前正在努力为受风危害的新型玻璃窗制定设计要求。 第三，可利用关于风暴避难所性能的数据来更新目前的设计准则和标准，从而使避难所更加安全，并指导今后为了解碎片对风暴避难所的影响所需进行的研究。