RAPID: Collection of Perishable Data on Storm Shelters, Wind Speed Indicators, and Glazing after the May 20, 2013 Tornado in Moore, OK

2013年5月20日，一场EF-5龙卷风在俄克拉荷马州纽卡斯尔以西4.4英里处登陆，最终在俄克拉荷马州摩尔以东4.8英里处结束，龙卷风路径长度约为17英里，最大破坏路径宽度为1.3英里。包括两所小学、高中、剧院和医疗中心在内的工程建筑以及数百所住宅遭到严重破坏或摧毁。由于结构故障和碎片样本的数量，特别是该地区过去经历了严重的龙卷风，该地区是风力工程研究的理想和罕见的案例研究。这项研究的主要目标是收集2013年龙卷风造成的易腐烂的现场破坏数据，以促进对龙卷风及其对建筑物和其他结构物影响的了解。这项研究将集中在简单结构、建筑玻璃和风暴避难所的性能上。德克萨斯理工大学的一组研究人员将于2013年5月下旬和6月部署到俄克拉荷马州摩尔地区收集以下数据：(A)确定风暴路径沿线的简单结构，并收集有关其几何形状、建筑材料、观察到的故障模式以及对邻近结构的损坏的数据；(B)记录商业和住宅建筑中使用的玻璃类型、其故障模式以及周围的碎片区域；以及(C)调查位于龙卷风路径内的风暴避难所，并记录其设计、施工、维护和性能。这项数据收集工作延续了德克萨斯理工大学对风暴的实地研究的悠久历史，并建立在该团队对风暴庇护所、增强藤田等级(EF-Scale)和防风玻璃的广泛研究基础上。这项研究将为风电工程界和建筑业带来多重好处。首先，EF等级中指定的破坏程度的风速是基于专家的意见。本研究收集的数据可用于验证风速估计，提高EF-Scale的整体质量。其次，了解建筑玻璃的性能是及时的，因为行业和规范社区目前正在努力制定受风危害的新型玻璃的设计要求。第三，关于风暴避难所性能的数据可用于更新当前的设计准则和标准，从而提供更安全的避难所，并指导了解碎片对风暴避难所的影响所需的未来研究。

On May 20, 2013, an EF-5 tornado touched down 4.4 miles west of Newcastle, OK and ended 4.8 miles east of Moore, OK, yielding an approximate path length of 17 miles and a maximum damage path width of 1.3 miles. Engineered structures, including two elementary schools, high school, theater, and medical center, were badly damaged or destroyed along with several hundred residential homes. This area represents an ideal and rare case study for wind engineering research because of the number of structural failures and debris samples, and especially since the area has experienced severe tornadoes in the past. The primary objective of this study is to collect perishable field data of damage from this 2013 tornado to advance understanding of tornadic wind and its effects on buildings and other structures. This study will focus on the performance of simple structures, building glazing, and storm shelters. A team of researchers from Texas Tech University will deploy during late May and June 2013 to the Moore, OK area to collect the following data: (a) identify simple structures along the path of the storm and collect data on their geometries, construction materials, observed failure modes, and damages to adjacent structures; (b) document glazing types used in commercial and residential buildings, their failure modes, and surrounding debris fields; and (c) survey storm shelters located within the tornado's path and document their design, construction, maintenance, and performance. This data collection effort extends a long history of field studies of windstorms at Texas Tech University and builds upon the team's extensive research on storm shelters, the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-scale), and wind-resistant glazing. This study will result in multiple benefits to both the wind engineering community and construction industry. First, the wind speeds assigned to degrees of damage in the EF-scale are based on expert opinion. The data collected in this study can be used to validate wind speed estimation and improve the overall quality of the EF-scale. Second, understanding the performance of building glazing is timely as industry and code communities are currently working to develop design requirements for newer types of glazing subject to wind hazards. Third, data on the performance of storm shelters can be used to update current design guidelines and standards, leading to safer shelters, and to direct future research needed for understanding debris impact on storm shelters.