RAPID: Collection of Perishable Data on Storm Shelters, Wind Speed Indicators, and Glazing after the May 20, 2013 Tornado in Moore, OK

RAPID：2013 年 5 月 20 日俄克拉何马州摩尔龙卷风过后，收集有关避难所、风速指示器和玻璃的易腐数据

• 批准号: 1345299
• 负责人: Daan Liang
• 金额: $ 3.07万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1345299&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collection; Perishable; Data; Storm

On May 20, 2013, an EF-5 tornado touched down 4.4 miles west of Newcastle, OK and ended 4.8 miles east of Moore, OK, yielding an approximate path length of 17 miles and a maximum damage path width of 1.3 miles. Engineered structures, including two elementary schools, high school, theater, and medical center, were badly damaged or destroyed along with several hundred residential homes. This area represents an ideal and rare case study for wind engineering research because of the number of structural failures and debris samples, and especially since the area has experienced severe tornadoes in the past. The primary objective of this study is to collect perishable field data of damage from this 2013 tornado to advance understanding of tornadic wind and its effects on buildings and other structures. This study will focus on the performance of simple structures, building glazing, and storm shelters. A team of researchers from Texas Tech University will deploy during late May and June 2013 to the Moore, OK area to collect the following data: (a) identify simple structures along the path of the storm and collect data on their geometries, construction materials, observed failure modes, and damages to adjacent structures; (b) document glazing types used in commercial and residential buildings, their failure modes, and surrounding debris fields; and (c) survey storm shelters located within the tornado's path and document their design, construction, maintenance, and performance. This data collection effort extends a long history of field studies of windstorms at Texas Tech University and builds upon the team's extensive research on storm shelters, the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-scale), and wind-resistant glazing. This study will result in multiple benefits to both the wind engineering community and construction industry. First, the wind speeds assigned to degrees of damage in the EF-scale are based on expert opinion. The data collected in this study can be used to validate wind speed estimation and improve the overall quality of the EF-scale. Second, understanding the performance of building glazing is timely as industry and code communities are currently working to develop design requirements for newer types of glazing subject to wind hazards. Third, data on the performance of storm shelters can be used to update current design guidelines and standards, leading to safer shelters, and to direct future research needed for understanding debris impact on storm shelters.

2013年5月20日，俄克拉荷马州纽卡斯尔以西4.4英里处的EF-5龙卷风降落，在俄克拉荷马州摩尔以东4.8英里处，其长度约为17英里，最大伤害路径宽度为1.3英里。 包括两所小学，高中，戏剧和医疗中心在内的工程结构被严重损坏或摧毁，以及数百所住宅。由于结构性故障和碎屑样品的数量，该区域代表了风力工程研究的理想且罕见的案例研究，尤其是因为该地区过去曾经历过严重的龙卷风。 这项研究的主要目的是收集2013年龙卷风的易腐烂现场数据，以提高人们对龙卷风风及其对建筑物和其他结构的影响的了解。 这项研究将着重于简单结构，建造玻璃和风暴庇护所的性能。 来自德克萨斯理工大学的一组研究人员将在2013年5月下旬和2013年6月在俄克拉荷马州摩尔地区部署，以收集以下数据：（a）确定沿风暴道路的简单结构，并收集有关其几何形状，建筑材料，观察到的故障模式以及对邻近结构的损害的数据； （b）在商业和住宅建筑中使用的玻璃类型，其故障模式以及周围的碎屑场； （c）调查位于龙卷风路径内的暴风雨避难所，并记录其设计，建筑，维护和性能。这项数据收集工作扩展了德克萨斯理工大学暴风雨的悠久历史，并建立在该团队对风暴庇护所，增强的藤田量表（EF规模）和防风玻璃的广泛研究基础上。这项研究将为风工程社区和建筑业带来多种好处。首先，在EF级中分配给损害程度的风速基于专家意见。 本研究中收集的数据可用于验证风速估计并提高EF级的整体质量。 其次，了解建筑玻璃的性能是及时的，因为行业和代码社区目前正在努力为受风危害的新型玻璃制定设计要求。 第三，有关风暴庇护所性能的数据可用于更新当前的设计指南和标准，从而导致避难所更安全，并指导了解碎片对暴风雨避难所的影响所需的未来研究。